PART III
Chapter 2: Classification of Buildings Based on Occupancy
2.1 Occupancy Classification
2.1.1Every building or portion thereof and land-use shall be classified according to its use or the character of its occupancy as a building of Occupancy A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L or M as defined below:
Occupancy A: Residential
Occupancy B: Educational
Occupancy C: Institution for care
Occupancy D: Health Care
Occupancy E: Business
Occupancy F: Mercantile
Occupancy G: Industrial
Occupancy H: Storage
Occupancy I: Assembly
Occupancy J: Hazardous
Occupancy K: Garages
Occupancy L: Utilities
Occupancy M: Miscellaneous
2.1.2Utilities under Occupancy L is incidental to operation in all other type of occupancy except Occupancy J shall be considered as non-separated use of the main occupancy but shall be taken special safety measure as per provision of this Code.
2.1.3Any occupancy or use type not mentioned specifically in Table 3.2.6 (A-Z list) or elsewhere in this Code shall be classified by the Board of Appeals under the occupancy group to which its use most closely resembles, considering the life safety and fire hazard.
2.1.4Each occupancy group shall be subdivided as detailed in the following sections. The detail classification including mixed occupancy provided in the Table 3.2.6 (A-Z list) is non-exhaustive. If there is any use or character of occupancy in a building which is not mentioned here, it shall be classified as per provision of Sec 2.1.3 of this Chapter.
2.1.5 Occupancy A: Residential Buildings
This occupancy type shall include any building or portion thereof providing sleeping and living accommodations to related or unrelated groups of people, with or without independent bathroom, cooking or dining facilities, except any building classified under Occupancy C or D. This Occupancy shall be subdivided as follows:
2.1.5.1 Single Family Dwelling (A1)
These shall include any building, row type or semi-detached or detached from neighboring buildings by distances required by this Code and having independent access to the plot, which is used as private dwelling by members of a single family.
2.1.5.2 Two Family Dwelling (A2)
These shall include any building, row type or semi-detached or detached from neighboring buildings by distances required by this Code and having shared or independent access for two families and having facilities for living, cooking and bathroom facilities independent of each other.
2.1.5.3 Flats or Apartments (A3)
These shall include any building or portion thereof which is provided for more than two families, having facilities for living, cooking and bathroom facilities independent of each other.
2.1.5.4 Mess, Boarding Houses, Dormitories and Hostels (A4)
These shall include any building or portion thereof in which sleeping, living accommodations and bathroom are provided for groups of related or unrelated persons, with or without common dining and facilities, and with common cooking under single management control or with individual or group cooking facilities.
2.1.5.5 Hotels and Lodging Houses (A5)
These shall include any building, a portion thereof or group of buildings under single management, in which sleeping, living accommodation and bathroom facilities are provided with or without dining facilities but without cooking facilities for adult individuals, is provided for hire on transient or permanent basis.
2.1.6 Occupancy B: Educational Facilities
This occupancy type shall include any building or portion thereof in which education, training and care are provided to children or adults. This Occupancy shall be subdivided as follows:
2.1.6.1 Educational Facilities up to Higher Secondary Level (B1)
These shall include any building or portion thereof used for purposes involving assembly for instruction, education and recreation of more than six persons on regular basis to fulfil the requirement of an academic curriculum approved by the Government up to Higher Secondary (12th Grade), and which is not covered by occupancy I.
2.1.6.2 Facilities for Training and for Above-Secondary Level (B2)
These shall include any building or portion thereof used for purposes involving assembly for instruction, education, training and recreation of more than six persons, and which is not covered by occupancy I and B1.
2.1.6.3 Pre-School Facilities (B3)
These shall include any building or portion thereof used for purposes involving care, recreation and education of children more than six in number, who have not yet reached the age to attend the school.
2.1.7 Occupancy C: Institution for Care
Buildings classified under this occupancy shall include those used for purposes of institutional care of the occupants, such as detention for correctional or penal purposes, medical or nursing care of persons suffering from illness or infirmity due to mental condition, or accommodation of children or minor, where the personal liberty of the inmate is restricted. These buildings shall ordinarily provide accommodation for sleeping, dining and other provisions approved by the authority for the occupants. This occupancy shall be subdivided as follows:
2.1.7.1 Institution for Care of Children (C1)
These shall include any building or portion thereof or group of buildings under single management used as an institution for the full time care of children or minor, each providing accommodation for sleeping, dining and other provisions approved by the authority for more than six children.
2.1.7.2 Custodial Institution for Physically Capable Adults (C2)
These shall include any building or portion thereof or group of buildings under single management used for purposes of full time care and custody of adult or mentally disabled persons but physically capable of responding to emergency.
2.1.7.3 Custodial Institution for the Incapable Adults (C3)
These shall include any building or portion thereof or group of buildings under single management used for purposes of full time care and custody of persons physically or mentally incapable of responding to emergency.
2.1.7.4 Penal and Mental Institution for Children (C4)
These shall include any building or portion thereof or group of buildings under single management used for housing children under restraint, or who are detained for penal and corrective purposes, in which personal liberty of the inmates is restricted.
2.1.7.5 Penal and Mental Institution for Adults (C5)
These shall include any building or portion thereof or group of buildings under single management used for housing persons under restraint, or who are detained for penal and corrective purposes, in which personal liberty of the inmates is restricted.
2.1.8 Occupancy D: Health Care Facilities
Buildings under this Occupancy group shall include those used for purposes of providing medical care, diagnostic facilities and treatment to persons suffering from physical discomfort, in which sleeping accommodation may or may not be provided. This Occupancy shall be subdivided as follows:
2.1.8.1 Normal Medical Facilities (D1)
These shall include any building or portion thereof or group of buildings under single management in which essential medical facilities having surgery, emergency and casualty treatment facilities, general or specialized medical and other treatment are provided to persons suffering from physical discomfort.
2.1.8.2 Emergency Medical Facilities (D2)
These shall include any building or portion thereof used for purposes of providing essential medical facilities having surgery, emergency, casualty treatment facilities, general or specialized medical and other treatment is provided to persons suffering from physical discomfort. This Type shall be equipped and designated to handle post disaster emergency, by construction it is required to remain operational during and after disasters, built as a part of disaster preparedness program.
2.1.9 Occupancy E: Business
These shall include any building or portion thereof which is used for any business transaction other than mercantile. This Occupancy shall be subdivided as follows:
2.1.9.1 Office (E1)
These shall include any building or part thereof which is used for paper works, documentations, only display of samples of Products but not for direct sale, maintaining accounts and records for administrative or consulting services, banking or activities for business purposes and professional training.
2.1.9.2 Research and Testing Laboratories (E2)
These shall include any building or portion thereof which is used as research establishment and/or test laboratory involving hazardous materials within the limit of exempted quantity permitted in this Code.
2.1.9.3 Essential Services (E3)
These shall include any building or portion thereof used for purposes of providing emergency services and utilities which are required to remain operational during and after a disaster or other emergency situations.
2.1.10 Occupancy F: Mercantile
This occupancy type shall include any building or portion thereof or group of buildings which is used for display and sale of merchandises. This Occupancy shall be subdivided as follows:
2.1.10.1 Small Shops and Market (F1)
These shall include any building or portion thereof with an area divided or undivided not exceeding 300 m², used for purposes of display and sale of merchandise, either wholesale or retail, with or without incidental storage and service facilities.
2.1.10.2 Large Shops and Market (F2)
These shall include any building or portion thereof with an area divided or undivided more than 300 m² used for purposes of display and sale of merchandise, either wholesale or retail, with or without incidental storage and service facilities.
2.1.10.3 Refueling Station (F3)
These shall include any building or portion thereof used for providing refueling and maintenance without repair services for automobiles which is moderately hazardous in nature.
2.1.11 Occupancy G: Industrial Buildings
Buildings under this Occupancy shall be subdivided on the basis of hazard potential of the contents and the processes of the industry. The hazard shall generally mean the relative danger of the start of fire and the rapidity of its spread, the danger of smoke and gases generated that pose a potential threat to the safety of the occupants of the building. Unless areas with different degrees of hazard are effectively segregated and separated in accordance with the provisions of this Code, the most hazardous area in a building shall govern its classification. This occupancy shall also include facilities for public utility services at the producer or distributor’s end that deals with generation and distribution of utility facilities. Any such building or portion thereof, which is not using hazardous material quantified and categorized in occupancy group J, shall be subdivided as follows:
2.1.11.1 Low Hazard Industry (G1)
These shall include any industrial building in which the contents are of such low combustibility and the processes conducted therein are of such low hazardous nature that danger of self-ignition and self-propagation of fire is nonexistent, the only danger being an onset of fire from external sources with the resulting danger to life and property.
2.1.11.2 Moderate Hazard Industry (G2)
These shall include any industrial building in which the contents are moderately combustible and the industrial processes conducted therein are liable to give rise to a fire which will spread with moderate rapidity, giving off considerable smoke.
2.1.12 Occupancy H: Storage Buildings
Buildings under this Occupancy group shall include any building or portion thereof used primarily for storage or sheltering of goods, wares, merchandises, vehicles or animals. Any such building or portion thereof, which is not used for storing hazardous material quantified and categorized in occupancy group J, shall be subdivided as follows:
2.1.12.1 Low Fire-risk Storage (H1)
These shall include any building or portion thereof which is used for storage of materials or other contents which do not constitute the danger of self-ignition, and in the event of fire the rate of burning shall be less than moderate rapidity.
2.1.12.2 Moderate Fire-risk Storage (H2)
These shall include any building or portion thereof which is used for storage of materials which do not constitute the danger of self-ignition but which in the event of fire will burn with moderate rapidity.
Items which shall be deemed to render a building hazardous are specified in Sec 2.14.3 along with the exempted amount for each item.
2.1.13 Occupancy I: Assembly
Buildings under this Occupancy group shall include any building or portion thereof in which groups of people congregate or assemble for recreation, amusement, social, religious, political, cultural, travel and similar purposes. This Occupancy shall be subdivided as follows:
2.1.13.1 Large Assembly with Fixed Seats (I1)
This occupancy shall include a building or a portion thereof for assembly in a space provided with fixed seats for 1000 or more persons. Assembly buildings under this subdivision may be for theatrical, operatic performances or cinema projection having or not a raised stage, proscenium curtains, scenery loft or projection screen, lighting equipment, projection booth and necessary theatrical and mechanical equipment.
2.1.13.2 Small Assembly with Fixed Seats (I2)
This occupancy type shall include any building or portion thereof primarily meant for use as described for buildings under Occupancy I1, but with fixed seats for less than 1000 persons in a space. These assembly buildings may or may not be provided with a legitimate theatrical stage or related accessories or equipment.
2.1.13.3 Large Assembly without Fixed Seats (I3)
This occupancy type shall include any building or portion thereof for assembly in a space, in which there are no fixed seats, which may or may not be provided with a legitimate stage or theatrical accessories, and which has accommodation for 300 or more persons.
2.1.13.4 Small Assembly without Fixed Seats (I4)
This occupancy type shall include any building or portion thereof primarily intended for use as described in Occupancy I3, but with accommodation for less than 300 persons in a space.
2.1.13.5 Sports Facilities (I5)
This occupancy type shall include any building or portion thereof meant for assembly of spectators for recreational and amusement purpose mainly related to sports.
2.1.14 Occupancy J: Hazardous Buildings
Any Building or portion thereof used as storage, industrial, research and other facilities dealing with hazardous material in excess of exempted quantity defined in the Table 3.2.5 or any micro-biological facilities shall be categorized in this Occupancy group.
Definition of hazard and the amount of such materials which shall be deemed to render a building hazardous are set forth in Sec 2.14.3. This Occupancy shall be subdivided as follows:
2.1.14.1 Explosion Hazard Buildings (J1)
These shall include any building or portion thereof which is used for storage, handling, processing or manufacture of explosive materials and products that have explosion hazard.
2.1.14.2 Chemical Hazard Buildings (J2)
These shall include any building or portion thereof which is used for storage, handling, processing or manufacture of materials and products that are highly corrosive, toxic, poisonous and physically harmful including corrosive and toxic alkalis, acid or other liquids or chemicals, producing flame, fumes, radiation, and explosive, poisonous, irritant and corrosive gases.
2.1.14.3 Biological Hazard Buildings (J3)
These shall include any building or portion thereof which is used for storage, handling, processing or manufacture of materials and products that use biological processes and in which the risk of harmful biological threat to the occupants exist.
2.1.14.4 Radiation Hazard Buildings (J4)
These shall include any building or portion thereof which is used for storage, handling, processing or manufacture of materials and products that use nuclear and radioactive processes and in which the risk of radioactive contamination exists.
2.1.15 Occupancy K: Garage
These occupancy types shall include any building or portion thereof used one or more vehicles having containers of flammable liquid or compressed gas or carrying power or combination of any of these as a supply source for self-propelling are kept for use, sale, rental purpose, storage, repair, exhibition and all those floors of a building or portion thereof in which such vehicles are not separated by suitable cutoff to prevent fire spreading.
2.1.15.1 Parking Garage (K1)
This occupancy type shall include any building or portion thereof used solely for parking Motor Vehicles for a limited period of time.
2.1.15.2 Private Garage (K2)
This occupancy type shall include any building or portion thereof used as store of owner's or tenant's Motor Vehicles for private use for unlimited period of time.
2.1.15.3 Repair Garage and Showrooms (K3)
This occupancy type shall include any building or portion thereof wherein repair of electrical or mechanical system or denting or painting works of body is performed on any type of vehicles and includes associated floor spaces used as office, showrooms, incidental store and parking.
2.1.16 Occupancy L: Utility
This occupancy type shall include any building or portion thereof used to install any type of equipment to provide support service to any building or portion thereof or group of buildings of all occupancy groups and with special provisions for occupancy J.
This shall also include all public and private utility facilities of the consumer’s end that are located within the consumer’s site and all installations are required special care to ensure life and property safety as per provisions of this Code.
2.1.17 Occupancy M: Miscellaneous
Buildings under this Occupancy group shall include special buildings not covered in other Occupancy groups. These Occupancies shall be subdivided as follows:
2.1.17.1 Special Structure (M1)
Any building or structure which is neither listed in the A-Z list nor covered in any occupancy group provided in this Code but unique in character may be categorized in this occupancy by the Board of Appeals. Each and every individual M1 Structure shall be complied with NFPA or equivalent standards for the life and fire safety.
2.1.17.2 Fences, Tanks and Towers (M2)
These shall include fences and boundary walls over 1.5 m high, standalone structures for gravity water tank and towers for telecommunication, power distribution, air-traffic control terminal or observation towers.
2.2 Change of Use
2.2.1Without prior permission from the Authorities having jurisdiction no change shall be made in the type of occupancy or use of any building that would place it in a different occupancy group or in a different subdivision of the same occupancy group. Such changes shall be permitted only when the land use and the building complied with the provisions of this Code and the laws of the land for such group of Occupancy.
2.3 Mixed Occupancy
2.3.1The following occupancies shall not be required to designate as a separated occupancy classification from uses to which they are accessory any occupancy Group other than Occupancy Group J
(a)Assembly rooms having a floor area not more than 75 m².
(b)The administrative and clerical offices and similar offices not exceeding 25 Percent of the floor area of the major occupancy and not related to Hazardous Buildings as defined in Occupancy J.
(c)Administrative offices, gift shops and other similar uses in Occupancy A provided the uses do not exceed 10 Percent of the floor area of the major occupancy.
(d)Kitchens associated with a dining area.
(e)Carports having at least two sides entirely open associated with Occupancy A.
2.3.2 Forms of Occupancy Separations
A building is permitted to have multiple occupancy type, each type of occupancy shall be in groups, which may have combination of different occupancies and shall be separated horizontally or vertically or both accordingly as specified in the Table 3.2.1.
2.3.3 Types of Occupancy Separation
The occupancy separations shall be classified as follows:
(a)Four Hour Fire Resistive: The four hour fire resistive separation wall or slab shall have no unprotected openings therein and shall provide a fire resistance for at least four hour.
(b)Three Hour Fire Resistive: The three hour fire resistive separation wall or slab shall provide a fire resistance of not less than three hour. The total width of all openings in separation wall of any one storey shall not exceed 25 Percent of the length of that wall in that storey and no single opening shall have an area greater than 12 m². The openings shall be protected with a fire resistance assembly doors or windows providing fire resistance of at least three hour.
(c)In case of a floor slab having three hour fire resistance rating, the openings on floor slab shall be protected by vertical enclosures extended above and below such floor openings. The walls of such vertical enclosures shall be at least two hour of fire resistance. All openings in such enclosures shall be protected with fire assembly door or window having fire resistance rating of at least one and one-half hour.
(d)Two Hour Fire Resistive: The two hour fire resistive separation shall be of a construction having a fire resistance rating of not less than two hour. All openings in such separations shall be protected with a fire assembly door or window of a fire protection rating of at least one and one-half hour.
(e)One Hour Fire Resistive: The one hour fire resistive separation shall be of at least one hour fire protection construction. All openings in such separations shall be protected with a fire protection assembly door or window of at least one-half hour fire resistance.
Table 3.2.1: Fire Resistance Rating Requirements for Barrier Walls and
Floor/Ceiling Assemblies between Separated Occupancies (hours)
2.4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF ALL OCCUPANCIES
2.4.1 Location on Property
2.4.1.1All plots for building construction shall have access to a public road from at least one side.
2.4.1.2Fire separation distance shall be measured from the face of peripheral wall of a building to the adjacent property line. For the purpose of this Section, if a public road adjoining all along a property line shall get the benefit of half of Road width as a part of Fire separation distance. For two or more buildings on the same plot, distances of imaginary lines equidistant from all side of buildings shall be considered as the required fire separation distances.
2.4.1.3The exterior walls of a building shall have a fire resistance and opening protection as specified in Tables 3.3.1 (a), 3.3.1 (b) and 3.2.3.
2.4.1.4Any outward projected elements from the peripheral wall of a building line shall be limited to the sunshade line.
2.4.1.5When openings in exterior walls are required to be protected due to distance from the property line, the aggregate area of such openings shall not exceed 50 Percent of the total area of the wall in each storey.
2.4.1.6Dwellings separation walls in semi-detached or row type development shall comply with Sec 2.4.3.
2.4.2 Allowable Floor Areas
2.4.2.1The total area of the building shall comply with Sec 1.8.3 Chapter 1 of this Part.
2.4.2.2The floor area of the mezzanines shall be included in the area of the respective main floor.
2.4.2.3Floor area calculation shall be divided in to two: (a) All Floor areas at and above the formation level which shall be generally included in the FAR calculation. (b) Floor areas below the formation level shall generally be excluded in FAR calculation provided the Occupancy classifications remain within Utility or Private Garages.
Table 3.2.2: Fire Resistance Ratings in Hours of Exterior Walls for Various Occupancy
Groups
Table 3.2.3: Requirements for Opening Protection Assembly Based on Fire
Resistance Rating of Exterior Walls
2.4.3 Permitted Types of Construction
2.4.3.1The types of construction for any occupancy shall conform to the specifications set in Table 3.2.4.
2.4.3.2Common walls in semi-detached or row type development shall not have any unprotected openings and shall be Type I-A construction and all such wall shall comply with requirements of Party wall or Fire wall or Separation wall.
2.4.3.3Ground floor or basement of a building used for car parking and utilities within the barriers by at least three hour fire resistive construction shall be considered as non-separated occupancy provided the building accommodates one or more of the following occupancies:
(i)A3, A5
(ii)E1, F1, F2
(iii)I2, I3, I4
2.4.3.4Entry lobbies, mechanical and electrical rooms and other similar uses incidental to the operation of the building may be provided in the car parking floors provided that the total area of such uses remains within ⅓ (one third) of the parking floor area.
Table 3.2.4: Permitted Types of Construction and Fire Zones for Various
Occupancy Groups
2.4.4 General Provision for High-Rise Buildings
For the purpose of this Code, a building of any class of Occupancy will be considered as high-rise when it has floors used for human occupancy located more than 33 m from ground level or the lowest level of fire department vehicle access. The provisions of Sec
2.9.6shall be applicable to all such buildings.
2.4.4.1 Maintenance and inspection
All fire protection systems shall be maintained and inspected on a regular basis to keep them in operative condition. The maintenance inspection shall be performed quarterly.
All plumbing installations shall be maintained and inspected periodically to keep them in operative conditions.
2.4.4.2 Type of construction
All high-rise buildings shall be of Type I-A or I-B construction.
2.4.4.3 Fire detection, alarm, evacuation and extinguishment system
All high-rise buildings shall conform to regulations set forth in Part 4 of this Code
2.4.5 Helipads
2.4.5.1 General
Helipads on the roof top of a building or other locations shall be constructed in accordance with this Section.
2.4.5.2 Size
The minimum dimension of the landing area for helicopters weighing less than 1600 kg shall be 6 m × 6 m. There shall be an average clearance of 4 m surrounding and at the
level of the landing area which shall not be less than 2 m at any point.
2.4.5.3 Construction
Helicopter landing areas and supports shall be constructed with non-combustible material.
2.4.5.4 Aviation approval
Before helipads start operating, formal approval shall be obtained from the civil aviation authority.
2.4.6 Universal Accessibility
2.4.6.1All Building (except Occupancies G, H, M and J) shall have universal accessibility as per provisions of this Code.
2.4.6.2Buildings have universal accessibility shall have accessible egress system.
2.5 Requirements For Occupancy A- Residential Buildings
Buildings shall be classified as Occupancy A in accordance with Sec 2.1.5.
2.5.1 Construction, Height and Allowable Area
2.5.1.1Buildings or parts thereof classified as Occupancy A shall be limited to the type of construction set forth in Table 3.2.4 and shall not exceed in area or height as specified in Sections 1.8 and 2.4.2 of this Part.
2.5.1.2Walls and floors separating dwelling units in the same building shall not be less than Type I-D construction.
2.5.1.3Storage or laundry rooms in Occupancy A2, A3, A4 or A5 that are used in common by the occupants shall be at least Type I-D construction.
2.5.1.4When a basement or a ground floor of a building of Occupancy A3 or A5 is used for parking or storage of private cars of the occupants, the parking floor shall be of at least Type I-B construction.
2.5.1.5When the basement or ground floor of a building of Occupancy A is used wholly or partly for generator or electrical substation, the walls and floors surrounding such use shall be of at least Type I-B construction.
2.5.2 Location on Property
Buildings of Occupancy A shall comply with the requirements for location on property and fire resistive exterior walls and openings as specified in this Code.
2.5.3 Access and Exit Facilities and Egress System
2.5.3.1Facilities for access and exit and egress or escape shall comply with the provisions set forth in this Code.
2.5.3.2Every sleeping room in ground, first and second floors shall have at least one operable window or door for emergency escape which shall open directly into the exterior or an interior courtyard. The units shall be operable from the inside without the use of any tool to provide a minimum clear opening of 500 mm width by 600 mm height with a maximum sill height of 1 m above the floor.
2.5.4 Lighting and Ventilation
All buildings or part of a building classified as Occupancy A shall conform to the provisions of Part 3, and Chapters 1 and 3 of Part 8.
2.5.5 Sanitation
Sanitation facilities provided in all Occupancy A buildings shall conform to this Part and Chapter 7 Part 8.
2.5.6 Minimum Dimension of Habitable and Non-habitable Rooms
The minimum dimensions of habitable and non-habitable rooms are specified in Sec
1.12.2Chapter 1 Part 3.
2.5.7 Fire detection, Alarm, Evacuation and Extinguishment
All buildings shall conform to regulations set forth in Part 4 of this Code.
2.5.8 Shaft and Exit Enclosure
Elevator shafts, vent shafts and other vertical openings shall be enclosed conforming to the provisions of Tables 3.3.1 (a) and (b). Exit requirements shall comply with Part 4 of this Code.
2.6 Requirements For Occupancy B - Educational Buildings
Buildings shall be classified as Occupancy B in accordance with Sec 2.1.6.
2.6.1 Construction, Height and Allowable Area
Buildings or parts of buildings classified as Occupancy B shall be limited to type of construction set forth in Table 3.2.4 and comply with the provisions of Sections 1.8 and
2.4.2of this Part to meet the requirements of height and area limitations.
2.6.1.1Rooms or groups of rooms sharing a common space where flammable liquids, combustible dust or hazardous materials are used, stored, developed or handled in an amount exceeding that specified in Sec 2.14.3 shall be classified as Occupancy J. Such rooms or groups of rooms shall comply with the requirements of fire protection as specified in Part 4, Chapters 4 and 5.
2.6.1.2Rooms or groups of rooms, sharing a common space or having separate spaces, served by a common corridor or passage with less than 20 percent outdoor opening of wall in a building of height 11 m or less, or three storeys or less, need not be provided with smoke detectors and standpipe or sprinkler system for fire protection provided it conforms with the access and exit requirements specified in Part 3, Chapter 1, Sec 1.6 and Part 4, Chapters 4 and 5.
2.6.1.3Buildings of Occupancy B situated outside the jurisdiction of any municipality shall have a construction of at least two hours fire resistance.
2.6.2 Location on Property
Buildings of Occupancy B shall comply with the requirements for location on property and fire resistive exterior walls and openings as specified in Sec 2.4.1.
2.6.3 Access and Exit Facilities and Egress System
Facilities for access and exit and Egress system shall comply with the provisions set forth in Sec 1.6, Chapter 1 Part 3 and Chapter 3 Part 4.
2.6.4 Lighting, Ventilation and Sanitation
Lighting, ventilation and sanitation facilities provided in Occupancy Group B buildings shall conform to Sec 1.16, Chapter 1 Part 3 and Chapters 1 and 3 Part 8.
2.6.5 Minimum Dimensions of Class Rooms, Common Toilets and Staircases
The dimension of a class room shall be not less than 4 m on any side and shall have an area of not less than 0.75m² per student. Other provisions for minimum dimensions shall comply with the requirements set forth in Sec 1.8 of Chapter 1 Part 3.
2.6.6 Shaft and Exit Enclosure
Elevator shafts, vent shafts and other vertical openings shall be enclosed conforming to the provisions of Tables 3.3.1 (a) and (b). Exit requirements shall comply with Chapter 3 Part 4.
2.6.7 Fire Detection, Alarm, Evacuation and Extinguishment System
All buildings shall conform to regulations set forth in Part 4 of this Code.
2.7 Requirements For Occupancy C- Institutional Buildings
Buildings shall be classified as Occupancy C in accordance with Sec 2.1.7.
2.7.1 Construction, Height and Allowable Area
The buildings or parts thereof classified as Occupancy C shall be limited to the type of construction set forth in Table 3.2.4 and shall comply with the provisions of Sec 1.8 Chapter 1 Part 3 and Sec 2.4.2 to meet the requirements of height and area limitations.
2.7.2 Location on Property
Buildings of Occupancy C shall comply with the requirements for location on property and fire resistive exterior walls and openings as specified in Sec 2.4.1.
2.7.3 Access and Exit Facilities and Egress System
Facilities for access and exit and egress system shall comply with the provisions set forth in Sec 1.6, Chapter 1 Part 3 and Chapter 3 Part 4.
2.7.4 Lighting, Ventilation and Sanitation
All buildings or part of a building classified as Occupancy C shall conform to the provisions of Sec 1.16, Chapter 1 Part 3 and Chapters 1 and 3, Part 8.
2.7.5 Shaft and Enclosure
Elevator shafts, vent shafts and other vertical openings shall be enclosed conforming to the provisions of Tables 3.3.1 (a) and (b). Exit requirements shall comply with Chapter 3, Part 4.
2.7.6 Fire Detection, Alarm, Evacuation and Extinguishment System
All buildings shall conform to regulations set forth in Part 4 of this Code.
2.8 Requirements For Occupancy D–Health Care Facilities
Buildings shall be classified as Occupancy D in accordance with Sec 2.1.8.
2.8.1 Construction, Height and Allowable Area
The buildings or parts thereof classified as Occupancy D shall be limited to the type of construction set forth in Table 3.2.4 and shall comply with the provisions of Sec 1.8 Chapter 1 Part 3 and Sec 2.4.2 to meet the requirements of height and area limitations.
2.8.2 Location on Property
Buildings of Occupancy D shall comply with the requirements for location on property and fire resistive exterior walls and openings as specified in Sec 2.4.1.
2.8.3 Access and Exit Facilities and Egress System
Facilities for access and exit and egress system shall comply with the provisions set forth in Sec 1.6 Chapter 1, Part 3 and Chapter 3 of Part 4.
2.8.4 Lighting, Ventilation and Sanitation
All buildings or part of a building classified as Occupancy D shall conform to the provisions of Sec 1.16 Chapter 1 Part 3, Chapters 1 and 3 of Part 8.
2.8.5 Shaft and Enclosure
Elevator shafts, vent shafts and other vertical openings shall be enclosed conforming to the provisions of Tables 3.3.1 (a) and (b). Exit requirements shall comply with Chapter 3 of Part 4.
2.8.6 Fire Detection, Alarm, Evacuation and Extinguishment System
All buildings shall conform to regulations set forth in Part 4 of this Code.
2.9 Requirements For Occupancy E–Business
Buildings shall be classified as Occupancy E in accordance with Sec 2.1.9.
2.9.1 Construction, Height and Allowable Area
The buildings or parts thereof classified as Occupancy E shall be limited to the type of construction set forth in Table 3.2.4 and shall comply with the provisions of Sec 1.8 Chapter 1 Part 3 and Sec 2.4.2 to meet the requirements of height and area limitations.
2.9.2 Location on Property
Buildings of Occupancy E shall comply with the requirements for location on property and fire resistive exterior walls and openings as specified in Sec 2.4.1.
2.9.3 Access and Exit Facilities and Egress System
Facilities for access and exit and egress system shall comply with the provisions set forth in Sec 1.6 Chapter 1 Part 3, Chapter 3 of Part 4.
2.9.4 Lighting, Ventilation and Sanitation
All buildings or part of a building classified as Occupancy E shall conform to the provisions of Sec 1.16 Chapter 1 Part 3, Chapters 1 and 3 of Part 8.
2.9.5 Shaft and Enclosure
Elevator shafts, vent shafts and other vertical openings shall be enclosed conforming to the provisions of Tables 3.3.1 (a) and (b). Exit requirements shall comply with Chapter 3 of Part 4.
2.9.6 Fire Detection, Alarm, Evacuation and Extinguishment System
All buildings shall conform to regulations set forth in Part 4 of this Code.
2.10 Requirements For Occupancy F–Mercantile Buildings
Buildings shall be classified as Occupancy F in accordance with Sec 2.1.10.
2.10.1 Construction, Height and Allowable Area
The buildings or parts thereof classified as Occupancy F shall be limited to the type of construction set forth in Table 3.2.4 and shall comply with the provisions of Sec 1.8, Chapter 1 of Part 3 and Sec 2.4.2 to meet the requirements and limitations of height and area.
2.10.2 Location on Property
Buildings of Occupancy F shall comply with the requirements for location on property and fire resistive exterior walls and openings as specified in Sec 2.4.1.
2.10.3 Access and Exit Facilities and Emergency Escapes
Facilities for access and exit and emergency escape shall comply with the provisions set forth in Sec 1.6 Chapter 1 Part 3 and Chapter 3 Part 4.
2.10.4 Lighting, Ventilation and Sanitation
All buildings or part of a building classified as Occupancy F shall conform to the provisions of Sec 1.16 Chapter 1 Part 3, Chapters 1 and 3, Part 8.
2.10.5 Shaft and Enclosure
Elevator shafts, vent shafts and other vertical openings shall be enclosed conforming to the provisions of Tables 3.3.1 (a) and (b). Exit requirements shall comply with Chapter 3, Part 4.
2.10.6 Fire Detection, Alarm, Evacuation and Extinguishment System
All buildings shall conform to regulations set forth in Part 4 of this Code.
2.10.7 Special Hazards
Installations which are discharging exhaust, heating apparatus, boiler and central heating/air-conditioning plant shall conform to the provisions of this Code as specified in this Code.
2.11 Requirements For Occupancy G–Industrial Buildings
Buildings shall be classified as Occupancy G in accordance with Sec 2.1.11. A non-exhaustive and indicative list of low hazard and moderate hazard industrial uses are listed in A to Z list. Storage and use of hazardous materials shall not exceed the exempt amount specified in Sec 2.14.3.
2.11.1 Construction, Height and Allowable Area
The buildings or parts thereof classified as Occupancy G shall be limited to the type of construction set forth in Table 3.2.4 and shall comply with the provisions of Sec 1.8 of Chapter 1, Part 3 and Sec 2.4.2 to meet the requirements and limitations of height and floor area.
The ceiling height of the production area, shall confirm to the minimum volume required per workers as specified by the Bangladesh Labor Act, 2006 and other laws of the land. In any case the ceiling height and the head room clearance of a production floor shall not be less than 3.3 meter and 2.286 meter respectively.
2.11.2 Location on Property
Buildings of Occupancy G shall comply with the requirements for location on property and fire resistive exterior walls and openings as specified in Sec 2.4.1.
2.11.3 Access and Exit Facilities and Egress System
Facilities for access and exit and emergency escape shall comply with the provisions set forth in Sec 1.6 Chapter 1, Part 3 and Chapter 3, Part 4.
2.11.4 Lighting, Ventilation and Sanitation
All buildings or part of a building classified as Occupancy G shall conform to the provisions of Sec 1.16 Chapter 1, Part 3 and Chapters 1 and 3, Part 8. Industrial buildings having roof opening for day lighting and natural ventilation shall comply with the following requirements:
(a)The aggregate opening in roof and external windows shall not be less than 10 Percent of the floor area.
(b)For natural ventilation by means of exterior window openings, the operable window area shall not be less than 5 Percent of the total floor area.
Exception:
Industrial buildings wherein artificial lighting and mechanically operated ventilation systems of approved quality are installed, need not be provided with natural ventilation or natural lighting.
2.11.5 Shaft and Enclosure
Elevator shafts, vent shafts and other vertical openings shall be enclosed conforming to the provisions of Tables 3.3.1 (a) and (b). Exit requirements shall comply with Chapter 3, Part 4.
2.11.6 Fire Detection, Alarm, Evacuation and Extinguishment System
All buildings shall conform to regulations set forth in Part 4 of this Code.
2.11.7 Special Hazards
Chimneys, vents and ventilation ducts shall be constructed with noncombustible materials. Every bailer, central heating plants, electrical rooms, or hot water supply boiler shall be separated from the rest of the occupancy or use by not less than two hour fire resistive construction.
2.12 Requirements For Occupancy H–Storage Buildings
Buildings shall be classified as Occupancy H in accordance with Sec 2.1.12.
2.12.1 Construction, Height and Allowable Area
The buildings or parts thereof classified as Occupancy H shall be limited to the type of construction set forth in Table 3.2.4 and shall comply with the provisions of Sec 1.8 of Chapter 1, Part 3 and Sec 2.4.2 to meet the requirements of height and area limitations.
2.12.2 Location on Property
The location on property for Occupancy H shall conform to Sec 2.4.1.
2.12.3 Access and Exit Facilities and Egress System
Facilities for access and exit and egress system shall comply with the provisions set forth in Sec 1.6 of Chapter 1, Part 3 and Chapter 3, Part 4.
2.12.4 Lighting, Ventilation and Sanitation
All buildings or part of a building classified as Occupancy H shall conform to the provisions of Sec 1.16 of Chapter 1 Part 3, Chapters 1 and 3, Part 8.
2.12.4.1 Special provision
The provisions of Sec 1.16, does not apply to non-habitable spaces of H1 and H2 occupancies unless otherwise required by this Code. Ventilators of size not less than 0.25 m² shall be provided where suitable 0.30 m above the floor level for floor level ventilators and 0.30 m below the roof level for roof level ventilators. There shall be one floor level ventilator and one roof level ventilator for every 0.25 m² of the floor area. Mechanized ventilation system of approved quality shall be installed where required.
2.12.4.2Though inhabitable, the minimum air quality of such indoor spaces shall be maintained in a way that it does not pose any health hazard to the occasional users of that space.
2.12.5 Shaft and Enclosure
Elevator shafts, vent shafts and other vertical openings shall be enclosed conforming to the provisions of Tables 3.3.1 (a) and (b). Exit requirements shall comply with Chapter 3, Part 4.
2.12.6 Fire Detection, Alarm, Evacuation and Extinguishment System
All buildings shall conform to regulations set forth in Part 4 of this Code.
2.12.7 Special Hazards
The storage of hazardous materials shall not exceed the exempt amount as specified in Table 3.2.5. The storage of moderate and low hazardous materials shall be separated at least by a two hour fire resistive construction.
2.13 Requirements For Occupancy I–Assembly Buildings
Buildings shall be classified as Occupancy I in accordance with Sec 2.1.13.
2.13.1 Construction, Height and Allowable Area
The buildings or parts thereof classified as Occupancy I shall be limited to the type of construction set forth in Table 3.2.4 and shall comply with the provisions of Sec 1.8 Chapter 1 Part 3 and Sec 2.4.2 to meet the requirements and limitations of height and area.
2.13.2 Location on Property
Buildings of Occupancy I shall comply with the requirements for location on property and fire resistive exterior walls and openings as specified in Sec 2.4.1.
2.13.3 Access and Exit Facilities and Egress System
Facilities for access and exit and Egress system shall comply with the provisions set forth in Sec 1.6 Chapter 1 of Part 3 and Chapter 3 of Part 4 and universally accessibility as per provisions of this Code.
2.13.4 Lighting, Ventilation and Sanitation
All buildings or part of a building classified as Occupancy I shall conform to the provisions of Sec 1.16 Chapter 1 Part 3, Part 3 and Chapters 1 and 3, Part 8.
2.13.5 Shaft and Enclosure
Elevator shafts, vent shafts and other vertical openings shall be enclosed conforming to the provisions of Tables 3.3.1 (a) and (b). Exit requirements shall comply with Chapter 3, Part 4.
2.13.6 Fire Detection, Alarm, Evacuation and Extinguishment System
All buildings shall conform to regulations set forth in Part 4 of this Code.
The specification of this Section shall apply to all parts of buildings and structures that contain stages or platforms and other similar appurtenances as herein defined.
(a)Stages: A stage is a three side enclosed or partially enclosed portion of a building which is designed or used for presentation of plays or lectures or other entertainment. A stage shall be further classified as legitimate stage, regular stage and thrust stage.
(b)Stage, Legitimate: A stage wherein curtains, drops, leg drops, scenery, lighting devices or other stage effects are adjustable horizontally or vertically or suspended overhead.
(c)Stage, Regular: A stage wherein curtains, fixed drops, valances, scenery and other stage effects are suspended and are not adjustable or retractable.
(d)Stage, Thrust: A stage or platform extended beyond the proscenium line and into the audience.
2.13.6.1 Legitimate Stage
Legitimate stage shall be constructed as specified in Part 4, specifying the type of construction but shall not be less than construction Type I-C. The position of the legitimate stage extending beyond the proscenium opening line shall be permitted to be constructed with two hour fire-resistive materials. The floor of the stage may be constructed with one hour fire rating materials. Thickness of a wooden floor shall not be less than 50 mm.
2.13.6.2 Regular and Thrust Stages
Regular stages and thrust stages shall be constructed by not less than two hour fire resistive materials. Wooden floor when required in a stage shall not be less than 50 mm in thickness with one hour fire resistive rating.
2.13.6.3 Trap doors
All trap doors and any other opening in stage floors shall be equipped with tight fitting solid wood trap doors with thickness not less than 50 mm.
2.13.6.4 Stage rigging loft
The grid iron frame in the loft, housing lighting and audio equipment, all the machinery for flying scenery and fly galleries, along with their installations, shall be constructed of approved noncombustible materials.
2.13.6.5 Foot lights and stage electrical equipment
Foot lights and border lights shall be installed in a protective cover constructed of noncombustible materials.
2.13.6.6 Trim, finish and decorative hangings
All materials used in moulding and decoration around the proscenium shall be of approved noncombustible materials.
2.13.6.7 Proscenium curtain
The proscenium curtain shall be of approved fire retardant material and shall protect against passage of flame and smoke for at least 30 minutes.
2.13.7 Motion Picture Projection Rooms
2.13.7.1Every projection room shall be constructed in conformity with the construction requirements for the type of the building in which the projection room is located. The wall opening required for projection need not have a fire protection assembly but shall be closed with glass or other approved materials.
2.13.7.2The floor area of a projection room shall not be less than 8 m² for a single machine. The working space between the machines when more than one machine is used shall not be less than 0.75 m.
2.13.7.3The height of the projection room shall have a minimum clear space of 2.5 m.
2.13.8 Sports Facilities
2.13.8.1 Vomiters, aisles and exits of seating galleries
Tunnels, aisles and exits of galleries shall be constructed conforming to the following requirements.
(a)There shall be a minimum of two exits remotely located from each other immediately to the outside for each balcony or tier. There shall be at least three exits when seating capacity exceeds 1000 persons and four exits when it exceeds 4000 persons. For every additional 1000 persons the exit shall be designed to accommodate provision (f) given below.
(b)There shall be at least 0.6 m2 of space per person in the gallery. Minimum width considered for a seat in the gallery shall be 0.45 m.
(c)There shall be a maximum of 33 seats on each side of any aisle. Minimum width of the main aisles and the secondary aisles shall be 1.0 m and 0.7 m respectively.
(d)Entrance and exits shall be protected by safety railings.
(e)Back to back space between two rows of seats shall not be less than 0.80 m.
(f)The evacuation time in the galleries shall not be more than 10 minutes.
(g)All tunnels, aisles and exits shall conform to safety guidelines for means of escape set forth in Part 4.
(h)One percent of the total seat capacity shall have provisions for accommodation with universal accessibility at the approach or exit level.
2.13.8.2 Swimming pools
Any swimming pool used or constructed for exclusive use by Occupancy A1 and is available only to the occupants and private guests shall be classified as a private swimming pool. Any swimming pool other than private swimming pool shall be classified as a public swimming pool. Swimming pools shall be constructed in conformity with the following requirements.
(a)There shall be at least 1.5 m space between any sides of a swimming pool and a rear or side property line. For street property lines, this distance shall be at least 2.0 m.
(b)Swimming pools shall be provided with overflow provision to remove scum and other materials from the surface of the water. When water skimmers are used for private pools there shall be one skimming device for each 50 m2 of surface area or fraction thereof.
(c)The overflow gutters shall not be less than 75 mm deep and shall be pitched to slope of one unit vertical to 50 units horizontal (1:50) toward drains.
(d)Public swimming pools shall be so designed that the pool water turnover is at least once every 8 hours.
(e)Private swimming pools shall be designed so that there is a pool water turnover at least once every 18 hours.
(f)Public swimming pools shall be equipped with filters, the capacity of which shall be controlled to filter 140 liters per minute per m2 of surface area. Private swimming pool filters shall not filter more than 230 liters per minute per m2 of the surface area.
(g)The pH value of the pool water shall be between 7.0 and 7.5.
(h)All recirculation systems shall be equipped with an approved hair and lint strainer installed in the system ahead of the pump.
(i)All swimming pool and equipment shall be designed to be emptied completely of water and the discharged water shall be disposed in an approved manner and shall not create problems in the neighboring property.
(j)Pumps, filters and other mechanical and electrical equipment shall be placed in enclosed spaces and shall not be accessible to the bathers.
(k)Used water from the pool when being discarded shall be reused as grey water for the building and its premises as per provision of Appendix G.
2.13.9 Amusement Building Fire Protection System
The fire protection system shall be as per provisions of this Code.
2.14 Requirements For Occupancy J–Hazardous Buildings
Buildings shall be classified as Occupancy J in accordance with Sec 2.1.14.
2.14.1 General
The plans for buildings and structures accommodating Occupancy J shall clearly indicate the type and intended use of materials and its processing or handling methods so as to reflect the nature of use of each portion of such buildings.
2.14.1.1 Occupancy J1
Any building or portion thereof containing any of the following items more than exempted quantity shall be classified as Occupancy J1.
(a)Combustible dusts and any similar solid material sufficiently comminuted for suspension in still air which, when so suspended, is capable of self-sustained combustion.
(b)Combustible liquids - Any liquid having a flash point at or above 40°C shall be known as class II and class III liquids. Combustible liquids shall be classified as follows:
(i)Liquids having flash point at or above 40°C and below 60°C.
(ii)Liquids having flash points at or above 60°C and below 95°C.
(c)Cryogenic liquids (flammable or oxidizing): Any liquid that has a boiling point below -130°C.
(d)Flammable Gases: Any gas when mixed with air in a proportion of 13% (by volume) forms a flammable mixture under atmospheric temperature and pressure.
(e)Flammable Liquids: Any liquid that has a flash point below 40°C and has a net vapour pressure exceeding 275 kPa at 40°C. Flammable liquids shall be known as Class I liquid and shall be further classified as follows:
(i)Liquids having flash point below 25°C and having a boiling point below 40°C.
(ii)Liquids having flash point below 25°C and having a boiling point at or above 40°C.
(iii)Liquids having flash points at or above 25°C and below 40°C.
(f)Oxidizers class 3: As determined in accordance with NFPA 43A.
(g)Oxidizing gases: As determined in accordance with NFPA 43C.
(h)Pyrophoric liquids, solids and gases that will ignite spontaneously in air at a temperature of 55°C or below.
(i)Unstable (reactive) materials class 3, non-detonable as determined in accordance with NFPA 704.
(j)Combustible fibers: Includes readily ignitable fibers like cotton, sisal, jute hemp, tow, cocoa fiber, oakum, baled waste, baled waste paper, kapok, hay, straw, excelsior, Spanish moss and other similar materials.
(k)Flammable solid: Any solid including blasting agent or explosive that is liable to cause fire through absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical change or retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or which when ignited burns so vigorously and persistently as to create a serious hazard.
(l)Organic peroxides, Class II and Class III as determined in accordance with NFPA 43B.
(m)Oxidizers Class I and Class II as determined in accordance with NFPA 43A.
(n)The bulk storage of unstable (reactive) materials Class 1 and Class 2 as determined in accordance with NFPA 704, water reactive materials, Class 2 and Class 3 which react with water to release a gas that is either flammable or present a health hazard as determined in accordance with NFPA 704.
2.14.1.2 Occupancy J2
Any building or portion thereof containing the following shall be classified as Occupancy J2:
(a)Corrosives: Any substance that causes visible destruction of or irreversible alteration in living tissues by chemical action at the site of contact.
(b)Highly toxic materials: The materials falling in this category are as follows:
(i)Oral Toxicity: A chemical that has a median lethal dose of 50 mg or less per kg of body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 gm each.
(ii)Toxicity of Inhalation: A chemical that has a median lethal concentration in air of 200 ppm or less by volume of gas or vapors, or 2 mg per liter or less of mist, fume or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for 1 hour (or less if death occurs within 1 hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
(iii)Toxicity by Skin Absorption : A chemical that has median lethal dose of 200 mg or less per kg of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between 2 and 3 kg each.
(iv)Irritants: Any noncorrosive chemical or substance which causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissues by chemical action at the site of contact.
(v)Radioactive Material: Any material or combination of materials that spontaneously emit ionizing radiation.
(vi)Sensitizers: A chemical or substance that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure.
(c)The Occupancy J2 shall also include among others the followings:
(i)Dry cleaning establishments using flammable solvents.
(ii)Explosive manufacturing.
(iii)Paint or solvent manufacturing (flammable base).
(iv)Pyrexin plastic manufacturing.
(v)Sodium nitrate or ammonium nitrate.
(vi)Storage of combustible film.
2.14.1.3 Occupancy J3
Any building or portion thereof which is used for storage, handling, processing or manufacture of materials and products that use biological processes and in which the risk of harmful biological threat to the occupants exist, shall comply with the guidelines specified by the Department of Health.
2.14.1.4 Occupancy J4
Any building or portion thereof which is used for storage, handling, processing or manufacture of materials and products that use nuclear and radioactive processes and in which the risk of radioactive contamination exists, shall comply with the guidelines specified by Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission.
2.14.2 Special Provisions
2.14.2.1The following shall not be included in Occupancy J but shall be classified in the occupancy group which they most nearly resemble and such classification shall be approved by the Authority:
(a)All buildings and structures and parts thereof which contain less than the exempt quantities as specified in Table 3.2.5, when such buildings comply with the fire protection provisions of this Code.
(b)Rooms containing flammable liquid in lightly closed containers of 4 litre capacity or less for retail sales or private use on the premises and in quantities not exceeding 820 litres/m² of room area.
(c)Retail paint sales rooms with quantities not exceeding 820 litres/m² of room area.
(d)Closed systems housing flammable or combustible liquids or gases used for the operation of machinery or equipment.
(e)Cleaning establishments.
(f)Liquor stores and distributors without bulk storage.
(g)Tire storage containing less than 10,000 vehicle tires.
(h)The storage or use of materials for agricultural purposes for use on the premises.
(i)Pyrophoric solids or liquids not exceeding 3 m3 in storage cabinet located in a building that is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system provided in accordance with the fire protection provisions of this Code.
(j)Pyrophoric solids or liquids not exceeding 3 kg in storage cabinet located in a building that is provided with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with the fire protection provisions in accordance to Part 4 of this Code.
(k)Class 2 water reactive materials not exceeding 100 kg in an approved storage cabinet located in a building that is provided with automatic sprinkler installed in accordance with the fire protection provisions in accordance to Part 4 of this Code.
2.14.3 Construction, Height and Allowable Area
2.14.3.1The buildings or parts thereof classified as Occupancy J shall be limited to the type of construction set forth in Table 3.2.4 and shall comply with the provisions of Sec
1.8of Chapter 1, Part 3 and Sec 2.4.2 of this Chapter to meet the requirements of height and area limitations.
2.14.3.2Floors: The floors and spaces containing hazardous materials and in areas where motor vehicles, boats, helicopters or airplanes are stored, repaired or operated shall be of noncombustible, liquid-tight construction.
Exception: In floors and areas where no repair works are carried out may be surfaced or waterproofed with asphaltic paving materials.
2.14.3.3Spill Control: The floors containing hazardous repair or other works shall be recessed a minimum of 100 mm so as to prevent flow of liquids to adjoining areas.
2.14.3.4Drainage: The buildings and areas shall be provided with approved drainage system to direct the flow of liquids to an approved location or room or area designed to provide secondary containment of the hazardous materials and fire protection water.
Table 3.2.5(a): Exempted Amount of Hazardous Materials in Terms of Physical
Hazard in a Control Area
Table 3.2.5(c): Location and Number of Control Areas
2.14.3.5The drains shall be designed with adequate slope and section to carry the design discharge of the sprinkler system. The material used in the drains shall be suitable for drainage of the storage materials.
2.14.3.6Separate drainage system shall be designed for materials which react with each other producing undesirable results. They may be combined when they have been provided with approved means of discharge into the public sewer or natural stream or river.
2.14.3.7Containment: The outflow from the drains shall be directed to a containment system or other area that provide a secondary storage for the hazardous materials and liquids and fire protection water. The containment capacity shall be capable of containing the outflow from the drains for a period of at least one hour.
2.14.3.8The overflow from secondary containment system shall be directed to a safe location away from the building, adjoining properties and storm drain.
2.14.3.9If the secondary containment storage area is open to rainfall it shall be designed to accommodate 24 hour rainfall or a continuous rainfall of 100 mm per day.
2.14.3.10Smoke and Heat Vents: Smoke and heat vents shall be provided in areas or rooms containing hazardous materials exceeding the exempt amount of Table 3.2.5.
2.14.3.11Standby Power: Standby power shall be provided in the occupancies where Class I, II or III organic peroxides are stored.
2.14.4 Location on Property
The location on property for Occupancy J shall conform to Sec 2.4.1 and Part 4.
2.14.5 Access and Exit Facilities and Emergency Escapes
Facilities for access and exit and emergency escape shall comply with the provisions set forth in Sec 1.6 of Chapter 1, Part 3, and Chapter 3, Part 4.
2.14.6 Lighting and Ventilation
2.14.6.1All spaces and rooms customarily occupied by human beings shall be provided with natural light by means of exterior glazing with an area of not less than 10 Percent of the floor area. Such rooms and spaces shall be provided with natural ventilation by means of exterior openings with an open able area not less than 5 Percent of the total floor area or artificial light and mechanically operated ventilation system as per provisions of this Code.
2.14.6.2Ventilation in Hazardous Locations: The rooms, spaces or areas where explosive, corrosive, combustible, flammable or highly toxic dust, mists, fumes, vapors or gases are stored or may be emitted due to the processing, use, handling or storage of materials shall be mechanically ventilated.
2.14.6.3The mechanical ventilation of all hazardous uses shall be segregated or separated from the ventilation of other areas. The emissions generated at work areas shall be confined to the area in which they are generated and shall be removed or discharged outside the building and preventive measures against back flow of such hazardous fumes or gases inside the building shall be installed.
2.14.6.4Ventilation of Toilets: Toilets shall be provided with fully openable exterior window of at least 0.3 m² in area or a vertical duct not less than 62500 mm² in cross-section for the first water closet, with additional 31250 mm² for each additional fixture or a mechanically operated exhaust system equipped to provide a complete change of air in every 15 minutes. Such system shall be connected to the outside air and the point of discharge shall be at least 1.0 m away from any other opening into the building.
2.14.6.5Other requirements of water closets are specified in Sec 1.12.4 Chapter 1, Part 3.
2.14.7 Sanitation
All buildings or part of a building classified as Occupancy J shall conform to the provisions of Sec 1.16 of this Chapter and Part 8 of this Code.
2.14.8 Shaft and Exit Enclosures
Elevator shafts, vent shafts and other vertical openings shall be enclosed conforming to the provisions of Tables 3.3.1 (a) and (b). Exit requirements shall comply with Chapter 3, Part 4.
2.14.9 Fire Detection, Alarm, Evacuation and Extinguishment System
All buildings shall conform to regulations set forth in Part 4 of this Code.
2.14.10 Explosion Control
Explosion control, equivalent protective devices or suppression systems or barricades shall be installed to control or vent the gases resulting from deflagrations of dusts, gases or mists in a room or area, building or other enclosures to minimize structural or mechanical damage.
Walls, floors and roofs separating a use from explosion exposure shall be designed according to the provisions of Chapter 1, Part 6.
Explosion venting shall be designed in exterior walls or roof only. The venting shall be provided to prevent serious structural damage and production of lethal projectiles. The venting design shall recognize the natural characteristics and behaviors of building materials in an explosion. The vents shall be designed to relieve at a maximum internal pressure of 1.0 kPa but not less than the loads required by Chapter 2, Part 6. One or more of the following systems shall be installed to relieve explosion, where applicable:
(a)Lightweight materials in walls
(b)Light fastening devices with hatch covers
(c)Light fastening with outward opening swing doors in exterior walls
(d)Nonbearing walls with light ties
The venting devices shall discharge vertically or horizontally directly to an unoccupied yard having a width of not less than 16 m on the same plot.
The releasing devices shall be so located that the discharge end shall not be less than 3 m vertically and 6 m horizontally from window openings or exits in the same or adjoining buildings.
2.14.11 Special Hazard
Chimneys, vents and ventilation ducts shall be of noncombustible materials.
All boilers, central heating plants, electrical rooms or hot water supply boiler shall be separated from the rest of the occupancies or uses by not less than 2 hour fire resistive construction.
The devices that generate a spark, flame or glow capable of igniting gasoline shall not be installed or used within 0.5 m of the floor.
Equipment or machinery that produces or emits combustible or explosive dust or fibers shall be provided with an approved dust collecting and exhaust system.
The equipment or systems that are used to collect or process or convey combustible dust or fibers shall be installed with explosion venting or containment system.
2.15 Requirements For Occupancy K–Garage Buildings
Buildings shall be classified as Occupancy K in accordance with Sec 2.1.15.
Exception: Non-separated use mentioned in Sec 2.3.1.
2.15.1 Construction, Height and Allowable Area
The buildings or parts thereof classified as Occupancy K shall be limited to the type of construction set forth in Table 3.2.4 and Sec 2.4.4.2 and shall comply with the other provisions of Sec 1.8 Chapter 1 Part 3, Appendix F and Sec 2.4.2 to meet the requirements and limitations of height and area. With the exceptions mentioned in Sec 2.4.3, all garage floors shall be constructed with not less than 4 hour fire resistance materials.
2.15.1.1Floors: The floors and spaces where motor vehicles are stored, repaired or operated shall be of noncombustible, liquid-tight construction.
Exception: In floors and areas where no repair works are carried out may be surfaced or waterproofed with asphaltic paving materials.
2.15.1.2Spill Control: The floors containing hazardous repair or other works shall be recessed a minimum of 100 mm so as to prevent flow of liquids to adjoining areas.
2.15.1.3Drainage: The buildings and areas shall be provided with approved drainage system to direct the flow of liquids to an approved location or room or area designed to provide secondary containment of the hazardous materials and fire protection water.
The drains shall be designed with adequate slope and section to carry the design discharge of the sprinkler system. The material used in the drains shall be suitable for drainage of the storage materials.
The quality of discharged liquids must attain approved level before discharging into the public sewer or natural stream or river.
2.15.1.4Smoke and Heat Vents: Smoke and heat vents shall be provided in areas or rooms containing hazardous materials exceeding the exempt amount of Table 3.2.5.
2.15.2 Location on Property
Buildings of Occupancy K shall comply with the requirements for location on property and fire resistive exterior walls and openings as specified in Sec 2.4.1.
2.15.3 Access and Exit Facilities and Emergency Escapes
Facilities for access and exit and emergency escape shall comply with the provisions set forth in Sec 1.6 Chapter 1 Part 3, Chapter 3 Part 4 and Appendix F.
2.15.4 Lighting, Ventilation and Sanitation
All buildings or part of a building classified as Occupancy K shall conform to the provisions of Sec 1.16 Chapter 1 Part 3, Chapters 1 and 3, Part 8.
2.15.5 Shaft and Enclosure
Elevator shafts, vent shafts and other vertical openings shall be enclosed conforming to the provisions of Tables 3.3.1 (a) and (b). Exit requirements shall comply with Chapter 3 Part 4.
2.15.6 Fire Detection, Alarm, Evacuation and Extinguishment System
All buildings shall conform to regulations set forth in Part 4 of this Code.
2.16 Requirements For Occupancy L–Utility Buildings
Buildings shall be classified as Occupancy L in accordance with Sec 2.1.16.
2.16.1 Construction, Height and Allowable Area
The buildings or parts thereof classified as Occupancy L shall be limited to the type of construction set forth in Table 3.2.4 and Sec 2.4.3, and shall comply with the provisions of Sec 1.8 Chapter 1 Part 3, and Sec 2.4.2 to meet the requirements and limitations of height and area.
2.16.2 Location on Property
Buildings of Occupancy L shall comply with the requirements for location on property and fire resistive exterior walls and openings as specified in Sec 2.4.1.
2.16.3 Access and Exit Facilities and Egress System
Facilities for access and exit and egress system shall comply with the provisions set forth in Sec 1.6 Chapter 1 Part 3 and Chapter 3 Part 4.
2.16.4 Lighting, Ventilation and Sanitation
All buildings or part of a building classified as Occupancy L shall conform to the provisions of Sec 1.16 Chapter 1 Part 3, Chapters 1 and 3, Part 8.
2.16.5 Shaft and Enclosure
Elevator shafts, vent shafts and other vertical openings shall be enclosed conforming to the provisions of Tables 3.3.1 (a) and (b). Exit requirements shall comply with Chapter 3 Part 4.
2.16.6 Fire Detector, Alarm, Evacuation and Extinguishment System
All buildings shall conform to regulations set forth in Part 4 of this Code.
2.16.7 Special Hazard
2.16.7.1Since the nature of use of this occupancy involves hazard, special consideration for maintenance and operational safety must be ensured. Depending upon the degree of hazard involved, this occupancy type may have separate and isolated structure.
2.16.7.2Chimneys and vents and ventilation ducts shall be of noncombustible materials.
All boilers, central heating plants, electrical rooms or hot water supply boiler shall be separated from the rest of the occupancies or uses by not less than 2 hour fire resistive construction.
The devices that generate a spark, flame or glow capable of igniting gasoline shall not be installed or used within 0.5 m of the floor.
Equipment or machinery that produces or emits combustible or explosive dust or fibers shall be provided with an approved dust collecting and exhaust system.
The equipment or system that is used to collect or process or convey combustible dust or fibers shall be installed with explosion venting or containment system.
2.17 Requirements For Occupancy M–Miscellaneous Buildings
Buildings shall be classified as Occupancy M in accordance with Sec 2.1.17.
2.17.1 General
The buildings or parts thereof classified as Occupancy M shall be limited to the type of construction set forth in Table 3.2.4 and shall comply with the requirements of Sections
1.8and 2.4.2 to meet the requirements of height and area limitations.
Any building or portion thereof that exceeds the limitations provided in this Chapter shall be classified in the occupancy group other than M that it most nearly resembles.
2.17.2 Location on Property
The location on property for Occupancy M shall conform to Sec 2.4.1.
2.17.3 Access and Exit Facilities and Emergency Escapes
Access and exit facilities for Occupancy M shall comply with the specification set in Sec
1.6Chapter 3, Part 4.
2.17.4 Lighting, Ventilation and Sanitation
All buildings or part of a building classified as Occupancy M shall conform to the provisions of Sec 1.16 Chapters 1 and 3, Part 8.
2.17.5 Shaft and Exit Enclosures
Elevator shafts, vent shafts and other vertical openings shall be enclosed conforming to the provisions of Tables 3.3.1 (a) and (b). Exit requirements shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 3, Part 4.
2.17.6 Fire Detection, Alarm, Evacuation and Extinguishment System
All buildings shall conform to regulations set forth in Part 4 of this Code.
Table 3.2.6: A – Z List of Occupancy Classification
| Use or Occupancy | Brief Description | Occupancy Class/Sub-class |
|---|---|---|
| A | ||
| Adhesives manufacture | Excluding manufacture of basic components | G or J depending on nature of materials involved |
| Advertising displays manufacture | G | |
| Agricultural machinery manufacture | Including repairs | G |
| Agriculture | Without nuisance or sales limitation | H |
| Agricultural | Small farm house, (limited to storage quantity) | F |
| H or J | ||
| Large farm house, storage quantity unlimited | ||
| G | ||
| Small grain processing unit, (limited to quantity) | ||
| G or J | ||
| Large grain processing unit, quantity unlimited | ||
| Aircraft manufacture (including parts) | G or J depending on nature of materials and process involved | |
| Airports | MIXED USE (depending on detail requirement) | |
| Amusement parks, children's | (See children's amusement parks) | - |
| Amusement park activities | I | |
| Animal | Animal hospitals | F |
| Animal pound (for stray and lost animal) | H | |
| Animal crematorium | G | |
| Killing establishments, for retail sales | F | |
| Slaughtering, processing and packing | G | |
| Antique stores | F | |
| Apartments | (see residential) | A |
| in walkup buildings | ||
| In high rises | A | |
| in housing complex | A | |
| Apartment hotels | A5 | |
| Apparel | (See clothing) | |
| Appliances | Electrical appliance Manufacturing | G |
| Television, radio, phonograph or household appliance stores, (Limited as to floor areas) | F | |
| F | ||
| Television, radio, phonograph or household appliance stores, (Unlimited) | ||
| F | ||
| Household appliance repair shops | ||
| Arenas, auditoriums, or stadiums | See Assembly (Limited as to capacity) | I |
| See Assembly (Unlimited) | I | |
| Art Galleries | Commercial (sales included) | F |
| With exhibition open to public viewing for limited period (sales included) | I | |
| Art goods manufacture, religious temple or church, excluding foundry operations | G | |
| Art metal craft shops | F | |
| Art needle work | Six occupants or less | Non-separated use to A1 and A2 Occupancy |
| More than six occupants (see industrial) | ||
| G | ||
| Artist's supply stores | F | |
| Asphalt or asphalt products | Manufacture | J |
| Assembly | Large assembly with fixed seats | I1 |
| Small assembly with fixed seats | I2 | |
| Large assembly without fixed seats | I3 | |
| Small assembly without fixed seats | I4 | |
| For sport facilities | I5 | |
| Athletic equipment manufacture | G | |
| Athletic goods stores | F | |
| Auctions rooms, open to public | I | |
| Auditoriums | See assembly | I |
| Automatic laundries | G | |
| Automobiles | Dead Storage | H |
| Driving Schools | E | |
| Glass or mirror shops | F | |
| Washing | K | |
| Manufacture, including parts, or | J | |
| engine rebuilding | ||
| K | ||
| Rental establishments | ||
| Repairs, body | K | |
| Repairs, without body repairs | K | |
| Sales open or enclosed | K | |
| Seat cover or convertible top | F | |
| establishments, selling or installation | ||
| K | ||
| Showrooms, no repair services | ||
| Supply stores, no repair services | F | |
| Tire sales establishments, limited to | F | |
| quantity | ||
| J | ||
| Tire sales establishments, unlimited | ||
| Wrecking establishments | G | |
| Automotive service | Limited as to total area | K |
| stations | ||
| Unlimited... | K | |
| Awnings | Custom shops | H |
| Manufacture, with no limitation on | G | |
| production or on floor area | ||
| B | ||
| Bakeries | Home-made, six or less occupants (baking included) | non-separated use to main occupancy |
| Large scale, more than six occupants (baking included) | G | |
| F | ||
| Sales only | ||
| Banks, | Including drive-in banks | E |
| Banquet halls | I | |
| Bar, alcoholic | I | |
| Barber shops | F | |
| Barns | H | |
| Barracks | (See residential) | A4 |
| Baths, steam | I | |
| Beaches, commercial | Not applicable | |
| Beauty parlors | F | |
| Beverages | Bottling works | G |
| Manufacture, Alcoholic | J | |
| Non-alcoholic | G | |
| Bicycle | Manufacture | G |
| Rental or repair shops | F | |
| Sales | F | |
| Billiard parlors | I | |
| Blacksmith shops | small scale (limited to six occupants), repair or making | F |
| G | ||
| Unlimited | ||
| Blueprinting establishments | drawing printing | G |
| Boarding houses | (See residential) | A |
| Borstals | C | |
| Boatels | A | |
| Boats or ships | Bailer works at port or dock | J |
| Breaking | J | |
| Building or repair, for boats less than 200 ft. in length | J | |
| Building or repair, for boats 200 ft. or more in length | J | |
| Docks, for small pleasure boats | Not applicable | |
| Fuel sales, open or enclosed | F | |
| Un- restricted as to location | ||
| Restricted as to location | J | |
| Rentals opened or enclosed | F | |
| Sales opened or enclosed | F | |
| Showrooms, with no repair services.. | F | |
| Storage, repair, or painting, including the incidental sales of boats, boat parts, or accessories, with restrictions on boat size and setbacks | G | |
| Bone distillation | G or J depending on process or material used | |
| Botanical garden structures | M | |
| Book | Binding (see printing) | G |
| Hand binding or tooling | ||
| Store | F | |
| Bottling works, for all beverages | G | |
| Bowling alleys | Limited as to number of lanes | I |
| Unlimited | I | |
| Breweries | G | |
| Brick manufacture | J | |
| Brush or broom manufacture | G | |
| Building materials sales | open or enclosed, limited as to lot area | F |
| Yards, for sales, storage, or handling, open or enclosed, unlimited as to lot area except in the case of lumber yards | F | |
| Bungalow | (See residential) | A |
| Business | Offices | B1 |
| Research and testing laboratories | B2 | |
| Essential services | B3 | |
| Bus stations | With less than 10 berths | K (bus area) and I (passenger area) |
| With 10 or more berths | ||
| MIXED (as per detail requirement including K and I) | ||
| Bus stops | see Bus stations | |
| Business machines | Manufacture | G |
| Small, repair shops | F | |
| Stores, sales, or rentals.. | F | |
| Business schools or colleges | B | |
| Buying house (garments) | storage restricted to sample | E |
| C | ||
| Café | Six persons or less | Non-separated use to main Occupancy |
| More than six persons (see mercantile) | ||
| F | ||
| Cafeteria | With commercial kitchen | MIXED (G and I) |
| Without commercial kitchen | I | |
| Camera and photo equipment | Manufacture | G |
| Camps, overnight or outdoor day | MIXED (A, I and other depending on the nature of use) | |
| Candy stores | F | |
| Canneries, including food products | J | |
| Canteen | With or without cooking facility | I |
| Canvas or canvas products manufacture | G2 | |
| Cargo terminal | containing low fire-risk materials | H |
| containing moderate fire-risk materials | H | |
| J | ||
| containing high fire-risk materials | ||
| Carnivals, temporary | I5 | |
| Carpentry shops | G | |
| Carpet | Cleaning establishments... | J or G depending on the nature of materials involved |
| Manufacture | ||
| G | ||
| Carpet, rug, linoleum or other floor covering stores Unlimited | F | |
| Carport | Roofed wall less shelter for car | K or H depending on the nature of use |
| Automated mechanical parking | K or H depending on the nature of use | |
| Catering establishments | Commercial kitchen | G |
| Office | E | |
| Storage, open or enclosed | H | |
| Storage for temporary structure's fabrication material | J | |
| Cattle shed, stables | H | |
| Cement manufacture | G2 | |
| Cemeteries | H | |
| Ceramic products | Manufacture | G or J based on nature of material used |
| Display and sales | ||
| F | ||
| Chamber, doctors' or dentists', (outpatient only) | 50 or less occupants | E |
| above 50 occupants | D | |
| Charcoal manufacture | G | |
| Chemicals | Compounding or packaging | G or J depending on nature of materials involved |
| Manufacture | ||
| G or J depending on nature of materials involved | ||
| Child care home | C | |
| Child care institution | C | |
| Children's amusement parks | Small | I |
| Medium size | I | |
| Large size | I | |
| Unlimited as to size | I | |
| Churches, with fixed pews | (See Assembly with fixed seats) | I |
| Cigar stores | F | |
| Cinema hall | (See Assembly with fixed seats) | I |
| Cineplex | (See Assembly with fixed seats) | I |
| Circuses, temporary | (See Assembly) | I |
| Class room | School, college or university | B |
| Clay manufacture | G | |
| Clay pits | Not applicable | |
| Cleaning or cleaning and dyeing establishments | (See dry cleaning).... | |
| Clinics | With inpatient | D |
| Only outpatient, limited to quantity (see chambers, doctors' or dentists') | ||
| D | ||
| Only outpatient, unlimited | ||
| With diagnostic facilities (see diagnostic facilities) | ||
| E | ||
| Government community clinic | ||
| Coaching centre | (See educational facilities) | B |
| Cold storage | H | |
| Composite textile mill | G or J depending on nature of material and process used | |
| Cottage industries | Small, fifty or less workers (see industrial facilities) | G1 |
| G1 or G2 depending on the nature of material and process used | ||
| Large, more than fifty workers… (see industrial facilities) | ||
| Clock | Manufacture | G |
| Stores or repair shops | F | |
| Clothing | Accessory stores | F |
| Custom manufacture or altering for retail | F | |
| G or J depending on nature of the material involved | ||
| Manufacture | ||
| Rental establishments | ||
| F | ||
| Store, Limited as to floor area | F | |
| Store, Unlimited | F | |
| Clubs Non-commercial (members only) | Including accommodation | MIXED (A and I) |
| Night-club | I | |
| All types except those with outdoor swimming pools | ||
| Clubs, for public use | Excluding accommodation | I |
| Including accommodation | MIXED (I and A or other occupancies depending upon nature of use) | |
| Clubs, Sporting | MIXED (I and A or other occupancies depending upon nature of use) | |
| Coal | Products manufacture | J |
| Sales, open or enclosed, Limited as to plot area | J | |
| J | ||
| Unlimited (see coal storage) | ||
| Storage, open or enclosed | J | |
| Coin stores | F | |
| Condensed and powdered milk | Manufacture | J |
| Coke products | Manufacture | J |
| Colleges or universities | See educational facilities | B |
| Colony, government or non-government | MIXED (A and other occupancies depending on use) | |
| Commercial building | (see business and/or mercantile) | |
| Commercial parking garages or plots | (See garages) | K |
| Community centers | With commercial kitchen | MIXED (G and I) |
| Without commercial kitchen | I | |
| Concrete batching | G | |
| Concrete products manufacture | G | |
| Construction machinery | Manufacture, including repairs | G |
| Container terminal | H or J (According to the hazard classification regulation of the port authority) | |
| Contractors' establishments | Electrical, glazing, heating, painting, paper hanging, plumbing, roofing, or ventilating | F |
| Not applicable | ||
| Contractors' yards | ||
| Convalescent homes | (See nursing homes) | |
| Convents | MIXED (A, B and I) | |
| Cork products | Manufacture | G |
| Cosmetics or toiletries | Manufacture.. | J |
| Costume rental establishments | F | |
| Cottage, tourist | (See residential) | A5 |
| Cotton ginning or cotton wadding or liner manufacture | J | |
| Court houses | I | |
| Crate manufacture | G or J depending on the material and process involved | |
| Crematoriums | Animals. | J |
| Human. | MIXED (J and I) | |
| Cultural center | Mixed (depending on detail requirement) | |
| D | ||
| Dance halls | Public | I |
| Dance School | A | |
| Dance studios | (see studios) | |
| Day camps, outdoor | I | |
| Day care Centre | With six or less children | Non-separated use to Residential Occupancy |
| More than six children | ||
| C | ||
| Decorator's establishment | Office | E |
| Storage, separated | H or J depending upon the material involved | |
| Defense Buildings, for critical national defense capabilities | Not Applicable | |
| Delicatessen stores | (See food stores) | F |
| Dental | Instruments manufacture | G |
| Laboratories (See laboratories, medical or dental) | ||
| Department stores | not exceeding 300 m² | F1 |
| more than 300 m² | F2 | |
| Diagnostic facilities, medical | Outpatients only | D |
| Diaper supply establishments | H | |
| Disinfectants manufacture | G | |
| Dispensaries | Attached to hospital | L |
| See drug store | F | |
| Dormitories | Universities or colleges (above 12 grade) | A |
| Schools (12 grade or below) | C | |
| Drafting instruments | Manufacture | G |
| Dressmaking shops, custom | F | |
| Drinking places, non- alcoholic | (See cafe) | |
| Drive-in theaters | I | |
| Drug stores | F | |
| Dry cleaning or clothes pressing establishments | Limited as to floor area, solvents and machine capacity | G or J depending on the process and quantity of material used |
| Dry cleaning or cleaning and dyeing establishments | Without restrictions | G or J depending on the process and quantity of material used |
| Dry Cleaning, using other than flammable liquids in cleaning or dyeing operations | G | |
| Dry goods stores | Limited as to floor area | F |
| Unlimited | F | |
| Dumps | Not applicable | |
| Dyeing facilities/ industries | J | |
| E | ||
| Eating or drinking places | With restrictions on entertainment (see Assembly) | I |
| I | ||
| Without restrictions on entertainment or dancing but limited to location in hotels (see Assembly) | ||
| I | ||
| Without restrictions (See assembly) | ||
| Eco park structures | MIXED (depending upon the nature of use) | |
| Educational facilities | Up to higher secondary level | B1 |
| Training and above-higher-secondary education | B2 | |
| B3 | ||
| Pre-school facilities | ||
| Electric | Power or steam generating plants | G |
| Substations, Public transit or railroad | G | |
| Substations, as part of public distribution system | G | |
| L | ||
| Substations, low to medium voltage step down, at consumers' end | ||
| Electrical Appliance | Manufacture | G or J depending upon the process or material to be used |
| Stores (including television, radio, phonograph or household appliances) | ||
| F | ||
| Contractors (See contractors' establishments) | ||
| G | ||
| Equipment assembly, not including electrical machinery | ||
| G | ||
| Supplies, manufacturing | ||
| Electronics manufacturing | J | |
| Electrolysis works | J | |
| Electrotyping or stereotyping | Limited to quantity | F |
| Unlimited (see printing) | G | |
| Embassy or High- commission or Consulate | MIXED (depending on detail requirement) | |
| Engine | including rebuilding or reconditioning | J |
| Engraving or photo- engraving | Limited to quantity | F |
| Unlimited (see printing) | G | |
| Excelsior manufacture | J | |
| Exhibition hall | See assembly | I |
| Exterminators | See pest control | F |
| F | ||
| Fabric stores | F | |
| Factory | G or J (depending on process and material involved) | |
| Fairs, temporary | MIXED (I and F) | |
| Feathers | Bulk processing, washing, curing, or dyeing | J |
| J | ||
| Products manufacture, except washing , curing or dyeing | ||
| Felt | Bulk processing, washing, curing, or dyeing | G |
| G | ||
| Products manufacture, except washing, curing or dyeing | ||
| Fertilizer manufacture | J | |
| Field hospital, temporary | With provision for ambulance access (to parks and play grounds) | E |
| Filling stations | (See refueling station) | B |
| Film, photographic | Manufacture | G |
| Fire Stations | E | |
| Fish products, packing or processing | G | |
| Fishing tackle or equipment rental or sales | F | |
| Flats | (see residential) | A |
| In walkup buildings | A | |
| In high rises | A | |
| in housing complex | MIXED (A and other occupancies) | |
| Florist shops | F | |
| Food | Products processing, except meat slaughtering or preparation of fish for packing | G |
| F | ||
| Stores, including supermarkets, grocery stores, meat markets, or delicatessen stores | ||
| Foundries | Ferrous or non-ferrous | G or J (depending on process and material involved) |
| Fraternity houses | (See colleges or universities) | |
| Freight depot | See storage and hazardous buildings | H and/or J |
| Frozen food lockers | J | |
| Fuel briquettes manufacture | G | |
| Fuel sales, open or enclosed | Limited up to exempted quantity | F |
| Unlimited, See coal storage or petroleum storage | J | |
| Funeral establishments | I | |
| Fungicides manufacture | G | |
| Fur | Goods manufacture, not including tanning or dyeing | G |
| J | ||
| Tanning, curing, finishing, or dyeing | ||
| Furniture | Custom shop, floor area of 100 m² or less | F |
| G | ||
| Custom shop, floor area over 100 m² | ||
| Manufacture | J or G depending upon nature of materials involved | |
| Store, Limited as to floor area | ||
| F | ||
| Store, Unlimited | F | |
| Furriers shops, custom | F | |
| Freight depot | H or J depending on the nature of material involved | |
| G | ||
| Garages | Parking garage | K1 |
| Private garage | K2 | |
| Repair garage and show-rooms | K3 | |
| Garbage incineration or reduction | G | |
| Garden shed | M | |
| Garden supply stores | F | |
| Gardens, truck | (See agriculture) | |
| Garments industries | G | |
| Gas, fuel | Manufacture | J |
| Distribution regulatory system (DRS) | G | |
| Gas manufacture for | Medical purpose | J |
| Hot-works (welding) | J | |
| Gasoline service stations | (See refueling stations) | |
| Gelatin manufacture | G | |
| Generating plants, electric or steam | G | |
| Gift stores | F | |
| Glass | Cutting shops | F |
| Manufacture | G | |
| Products manufacture from previously manufactured glass | G | |
| Glazing contractor's establishment | (See contractors' establishments) | F |
| Glue manufacture | G | |
| Godown | See storage buildings | |
| Golf | Courses | Not applicable |
| Courses, miniature | I | |
| Driving ranges | I | |
| Grain | Milling or processing | J |
| Storage | J | |
| Graphite or graphite products | Manufacture | G |
| Gravel pits | Not applicable | |
| Grocery stores | F | |
| Group homes | Segregation of occupants on the basis of age group and disabilities (See institutional) | C |
| Gypsum production industry | J | |
| Gymnasiums | Less than 300 occupants | I |
| 300 or more occupants | I | |
| Commercial without spectator gallery (max 50 occupants) | ||
| H | ||
| Hair | Bulk processing, washing, curing, or dyeing | G |
| G | ||
| Products manufacture (except washing, curing, or dyeing) | ||
| G | ||
| Products manufacture, custom | ||
| Hall, for incidental show (picture, drama, theatre) | (See assembly) | I |
| Hardware | Manufacture | G |
| Stores | F | |
| Bodies manufacture | G | |
| Repair shops | F | |
| Hazardous buildings | Explosion-hazard building | J1 |
| Chemical-hazard building | J2 | |
| Biological-hazard building | J3 | |
| Nuclear-hazard building | J4 | |
| Health centers | With inpatient | D |
| Without inpatient (not more than 50 occupants) | E | |
| E or D (depending upon the facilities) | ||
| Government operated health centers | ||
| Healthcare facilities | Normal medical facilities | D1 |
| Emergency medical facilities | D2 | |
| Health club | I | |
| Heating contractor's establishment | (See contractors' establishments) | |
| Heat, ventilation and air-conditioning equipment showrooms | Without repair facilities | F |
| Heliports | G | |
| Hemp products manufacture | G | |
| High Commission | See embassy | |
| Home for care | of the old and infirm (see institution) | |
| of mentally disabled (see institution) | ||
| Home office | Not more than 6 occupants | Non-separated use of Occupancy A |
| Hosiery manufacture | G | |
| Hospital, except animal hospital | As part of disaster preparedness program | D |
| D | ||
| Casualty unit | ||
| Emergency unit | D | |
| Non-profit or voluntary, and related facilities | D | |
| D | ||
| Proprietary and related facilities | ||
| Hostels | For adults | A |
| For children | C | |
| Hotels | Transient | A |
| Apartment hotel | A | |
| Starred hotel | MIXED | |
| Household | Appliance repair shops | F |
| Appliance stores (See appliances television, radio, phonograph, or household appliance stores) | F | |
| Housing, complex multi-storied | MIXED (see appendix) | |
| Housing, cluster | MIXED (see appendix) | |
| Housing, low-income | MIXED (see appendix) | |
| Housing, minimum standard | MIXED (see appendix) | |
| Housing, rehabilitation | MIXED (see appendix) | |
| I | ||
| Ice cream stores | F | |
| Ice | Manufacture, dry or natural | G or J (depending on the process or material used) |
| Sales, open or enclosed Limited as to lot area | ||
| F | ||
| F | ||
| Unlimited | ||
| Incineration or reduction of garbage, offal, or dead animals | G | |
| Indoor facility, for amusement park | I | |
| Industrial buildings | Low-hazard Industries | G1 |
| Moderate-hazard Industries | G2 | |
| Infirmaries | C | |
| Ink or inked ribbon manufacture | G or J depending on nature of materials involved | |
| Inns | See residential | A |
| Insecticides manufacture | G or J depending on nature of materials involved | |
| Institution | For care of children | C1 |
| Custodial, for physically capable adults | C2 | |
| C3 | ||
| Custodial, for physically incapable adults | ||
| C4 | ||
| Penal or mental, for children | ||
| Penal or mental, for adults | C5 | |
| Institutions, philanthropic or non- profit | With sleeping accommodations | A |
| Without sleeping accommodations | ||
| Interior decorating establishments | Limited as to floor area for processing, servicing, or repairs | F |
| F | ||
| Unlimited, see furniture, textiles or upholstering | ||
| Irradiation plant | J | |
| J | ||
| Jail | see prisons | |
| Jewelry | Manufacture | G |
| Costume | G | |
| From precious metals | G | |
| Shops | F | |
| Junk Yards | Not applicable | |
| Jute products manufacture | G or J (depending on quantity or process) | |
| Juvenile correctional center | For children (see assembly) | |
| K | ||
| Kennels | H | |
| Kindergarten | See educational facilities | B |
| Knitwear industries | G2 | |
| L | ||
| Laboratories | Medical or dental, for research or testing, with limitations on objectionable effects | E |
| (G or J) and H depending on process or material used in compliance with safety standards | ||
| Research, experimental, or testing, unlimited | ||
| Radiological laboratory, see radiological facilities | ||
| G (in compliance with safety standards) | ||
| Pathological laboratory | ||
| Microbiological laboratory, for diagnostic facility | G or J depending on process or material used in compliance with safety standards | |
| Microbiological laboratory, for research | ||
| G or J depending on process or material used in compliance with safety standards | ||
| Microbiological laboratory, for academic facility | G or J depending on process or material used in compliance with safety standards | |
| Lampblack manufacture | G | |
| Laundries, with no limitations on type of operation | G | |
| Laundry establishments, hand or automatic self- service | G | |
| Lavatory, public | see public toilet | |
| Leather | Tanning, curing, finishing or dyeing | J |
| Goods stores | F | |
| Products manufacture | G | |
| Libraries | Reading area (see assembly) | I |
| Stack area (see storage) | H | |
| Reading and stack area combined | MIXED (I and H) | |
| Lillah boarding | For children (see institutional) | C |
| For adults (see residential) | A | |
| Linen supply establishments | ||
| Linoleum | Manufacture | J |
| Stores (See carpet stores) | ||
| Liquor stores, package | F | |
| Livestock | Storage, more than six castles | H |
| Slaughtering or preparation for packing | G | |
| Loan offices | E | |
| Locksmith shops | F | |
| Lodging | See residential | A |
| Luggage | Manufacture | G |
| Stores | F | |
| Lumber | Processing or woodwork, bulk | G |
| Sales, Limited as to lot area | G | |
| Sales, Unlimited | G | |
| Yard, Limited as to lot area | G | |
| Yard, Unlimited | G | |
| M | ||
| Machine | Shops including tool, die or pattern making | G |
| Tools manufacture | G | |
| Machinery | Manufacture or repair, Heavy | G or J depending on material and process |
| Miscellaneous or electrical equipment | ||
| G or J depending on material and process | ||
| Rental or sales establishments | ||
| F | ||
| Repair shops | F | |
| Machines, business | (See business machines) | |
| Madrasa | (See institution) | |
| Manure storage | H | |
| Markets | Retail, including meat (See mercantile) | F |
| Wholesale, produce or meat (See mercantile) | F | |
| Masseurs | F | |
| Matches manufacture | J | |
| Mattress manufacture, rebuilding or renovating | J | |
| Meat | Markets, Retail (See food stores) | F |
| Markets, Wholesale | F | |
| Slaughtering or preparation for packing | G | |
| Medical | Appliances, Custom manufacture | G |
| Appliances, Manufacture | G | |
| Stores | F | |
| Instruments, manufacture | G | |
| Laboratories (See laboratories, medical) | ||
| E | ||
| Offices or group medical centers, Limited as to location within building | ||
| E | ||
| Offices or group medical centers, Unlimited | ||
| Meeting halls | See Assembly | I |
| Mess houses | (See residential) | |
| Metal Fabrication industry | J | |
| Metal Assembly industry | J | |
| Metals manufacture | Alloys or foil, miscellaneous | G |
| Casting or foundry products, heavy | G | |
| Finishing, plating, grinding, sharpening, polishing, cleaning, rust proofing, heat treatment, or similar processes | G | |
| Ores reduction or refining | G | |
| Products treatment or processing | G | |
| Reduction, refining, smelting, or alloying | G | |
| G | ||
| Stamping or extrusion | ||
| Treatment or processing | G | |
| Mental institution | Without detention facilities | D |
| Mental hospitals | (See institution) | C |
| Mercantile | Small shops and markets | F1 |
| Large shops and markets | F2 | |
| Refueling station | F3 | |
| Mill | (See industrial and/ or hazardous buildings) | G or J (depending on material or process) |
| Mill works, and woodworking, wood distillation and particle boards manufacturing | J | |
| Millinery shops | F | |
| Mining machinery manufacture | Including repairs | G |
| Mirror silvering shops | G | |
| Miscellaneous buildings | Special structures | M1 |
| Fences, tanks and towers | M2 | |
| Monasteries | MIXED | |
| Monument | Sales establishments, with incidental processing to order | F |
| Works, with no limitations on processing | G | |
| Mosque | (See assembly) | I |
| Motels | (See residential) | A |
| Motion picture production and filming facilities | MIXED (G and other Occupancies as required) | |
| Motorcycles | Manufacture | G |
| Repairs, body | G | |
| Repairs, except body repairs | G | |
| Sales open or enclosed | F | |
| Showrooms, with no repair services (See garage) | K | |
| Motor freight stations | See truck terminals | |
| Motor vehicles | Dead storage | H |
| Moving or storage offices, Limited as to storage | K | |
| K | ||
| Unlimited | ||
| Movie theatre | See assembly | I |
| Museums | See assembly | I |
| Music stores | F | |
| Music studios | See studios | |
| Musical instruments | Manufacture, Excluding pianos and organs | G1 |
| G2 | ||
| Including pianos and organs… | ||
| Repair shops… | G1 | |
| N | ||
| Newspaper publishing | Printing | MIXED (G and E) |
| G | ||
| Office | E | |
| Newsstands, open or closed | F | |
| Novelty products manufacture | G | |
| Novitiates… | See institution | A |
| Nuclear medicine facilities | see radiological facilities | |
| Nuclear plant | J | |
| Nurseries | See agriculture | |
| Nursing homes | Philanthropic or non-profit | C or D depending on the type of occupants and nature of use |
| Private | ||
| C or D depending on the type of occupants and nature of use | ||
| Nursery schools | See pre-school | B |
| O | ||
| Oakum products manufacture | G | |
| Office equipment or machinery repair shops | F | |
| Office or business machine stores | sales or rental | F |
| Offices | General | E |
| Business, professional or Governmental (see business occupancy) | E | |
| E | ||
| Dental, medical, or osteopathic (See medical offices) | ||
| E | ||
| Wholesale, with storage restricted to samples (see business occupancy) | ||
| Offices, small | Architect's/engineer's/ consultant's (Limited to six occupants) | Non-separated use of Occupancy A |
| Architect's/engineer's/consultant's ( more than six occupants) | E | |
| Oil cloth manufacture | J | |
| Oil sales, open and enclosed | Limited as to lot area | F |
| Unlimited (See petroleum or petroleum products storage) | J | |
| Old home | See institution | C |
| Optical | Equipment manufacture | G |
| Goods manufacture | G | |
| Orphanage | See institution | C |
| Optician or optometrist establishments | F | |
| Orthopedic | Appliances, Custom manufacture | G |
| Manufacture | G | |
| Stores | F | |
| Instruments, manufacture | G | |
| Osteopathic offices | (See medical offices) | |
| P | ||
| Packing or crating establishments | G2 | |
| Packing materials manufacture | G2 | |
| Pagoda | See Prayer hall | |
| Paint | Manufacture | J |
| Stores, limited to quantity | F | |
| Stores, unlimited | H | |
| Painting contractors | (See contractors' establishments) | |
| Paper | Mills (See wood pulp or fiber) | G |
| Products manufacture | G | |
| Stock companies | H | |
| Paper-hanging contractors | (See contractors' establishments) | |
| Parish houses | A | |
| Parks, public or private | With provision for emergency vehicle access as part of disaster preparedness program | Not applicable |
| Park structures | M | |
| Parking garages, public | See garage, parking | K |
| Parking lots, public | See garage, parking | K |
| Passenger stations and terminals | Small, passenger station | MIXED (depending on nature of use) |
| Large, passenger station or terminal | ||
| MIXED (depending on nature of use) | ||
| Passenger and freight terminal | ||
| MIXED (depending on nature of use) | ||
| Peat storage | H | |
| Perfumed or perfumed soaps | compounding only, not including soap manufacture | J |
| Pest control | Exempted quantity only | F |
| Pet shops | F | |
| Petrol pump | See refueling station | F |
| Petroleum or petroleum products | Refining | J |
| Storage and handling | J | |
| Pharmaceutical products manufacture | G or J depending on nature of materials used | |
| Philanthropic, religious or non-profit activities | MIXED (depending on nature of use) | |
| Phonograph | Repair shops | F |
| Stores (See appliances) | F | |
| Photocopying and book binding | Binding limited in quantity | F |
| Photographic | Developing or printing establishment, Retail | F |
| H | ||
| Developing or printing establishment, Wholesale, Limited as to floor area | ||
| H | ||
| Developing or printing establishment, Wholesale, Unlimited | ||
| J | ||
| Equipment, Manufacture (film) | ||
| Equipment, Manufacture (except film) | G | |
| Stores | F | |
| Studios | F | |
| Supply stores (limited to exempted quantity) | F | |
| Photostatting establishments | F | |
| Physical culture establishments | I | |
| Picture framing stores | F | |
| Plants, Industrial | G | |
| Plants, Refrigeration | G | |
| Plastics | Products, manufacture | J |
| Raw, manufacture | J | |
| Plate making | (See printing) | |
| Playgrounds | With provision for emergency vehicle access as part of disaster preparedness program | I |
| Plots, parking | (See parking lots, public) | |
| Plumbing | Contractors' establishments | F |
| Equipment manufacturer (See tools or hardware manufacturing) | ||
| F | ||
| Showrooms, without repair facilities | ||
| Police Stations | E | |
| Pool halls | I | |
| Porcelain products manufacture | G | |
| Post offices | E | |
| Poultry | Storage (live) | H |
| Killing establishments, for retail sales on the same zoning lot only | G | |
| G | ||
| Packing or slaughtering | ||
| Power plant | G | |
| Power stations | As part of national grid power distribution system | E |
| L | ||
| At consumer's end | ||
| Prayer hall | See assembly | I |
| Precision instruments manufacture | Optical equipment, clocks, or similar products | G |
| G | ||
| Medical, dental, or drafting instruments, optical goods, or similar products | ||
| Pre-school facilities | See educational | |
| Press club, for journalist | I | |
| Press, printing | See printing | |
| Primary schools | See educational | |
| Printing | Custom | G |
| Limited as to floor area | G | |
| Unlimited | G | |
| Printing, publishing, dyeing and printing industries | J | |
| Prisons | See jail | C |
| Produce or meat markets, wholesale | F | |
| Psychiatric sanatoria | With detention facilities (see institution) | |
| Public auction rooms | MIXED (F and/or I) | |
| Public transit yards | Not applicable | |
| Publishing | With printing | G |
| Without printing | E | |
| Pumping stations | Water or sewage (for city supply system) | G |
| U | ||
| Dedicated to consumer | ||
| Q | ||
| Quarter, Staff | Government or non-government | A or Mixed (See appendix) |
| R | ||
| Racetracks | I | |
| Radio | Appliance repair shops | F |
| Stores | F | |
| Studios, with less than six occupants | Non-separated use to main Occupancy | |
| Studios, without transmission tower | ||
| E | ||
| Studios, with transmission tower (see radio station) | ||
| M | ||
| Towers, non-accessory | ||
| Radio station | Mixed (depending on the type of use) | |
| Radiological facilities, medical | In compliance with the standard of atomic energy commission | D |
| Radioactive waste disposal services | J | |
| Railroad | Equipment manufacture, including railroad cars or locomotives | G or J depending on the material and hot-work used |
| Passenger stations | ||
| I | ||
| Right-of-way | Not applicable | |
| Substations | ||
| G | ||
| Small or medium size | ||
| Large | G | |
| Railroads, including rights-of-way, freight terminals, yards or appurtenances, or facilities or services used or required in railroad operations, but not including passenger stations | Not applicable | |
| Rail station | Mixed (depending on the type of use) | |
| Record stores | F | |
| Recreation centers, non-commercial | I | |
| Recreation piers | See assembly | I |
| Recreational vehicles manufacturing | J | |
| Rectories | A | |
| Reducing salons | I | |
| Reformatories | See institutional facilities | |
| Refreshments stand, drive-in | I | |
| Refrigerating plants | G | |
| Refueling station | Petroleum product storage within exempted quantity | E |
| Refuse incinerators | J | |
| Religious or church art goods manufacture | G | |
| Research establishment | dealing with non-hazard or low hazard materials only | E |
| Residences | Single-family detached | A |
| One-family semi-detached or two- family detached or semi-detached | A | |
| A | ||
| Boarding or rooming houses | ||
| Rest homes (See nursing homes) | ||
| Residential | Single family dwelling | A1 |
| Two family dwelling | A2 | |
| Flats or apartments | A3 | |
| Mess, boarding house, dormitories and hostels | A4 | |
| A5 | ||
| Hotels and lodging houses | ||
| Rest Houses | ||
| Restaurant | Dining area | I |
| Performing area, limited | I | |
| Kitchen and storage | L | |
| Reviewing stand | I | |
| Riding academies, open or enclosed | E and H | |
| Roofing contractors' establishments | F | |
| Rooming houses | See residential | A |
| Rubber | Processing or manufacture, natural or synthetic | J |
| J | ||
| Products manufacture (excluding all natural or synthetic rubber processing) | ||
| Rug stores | (See carpet stores) | |
| S | ||
| Sail-making establishments | F | |
| Salvage storage | H | |
| Sand pits | Not applicable | |
| Saloon, hair dressing | F | |
| Sanatoriums | With detention facilities (see institution) | C |
| Without detention facilities | D | |
| Sawmills | G | |
| Scenery construction | G | |
| School (see educational) | Dormitories, for children | C |
| Nursery, kindergarten, elementary or secondary schools | B | |
| B | ||
| Trade or other schools for adults, limited as to objectionable effects | ||
| B | ||
| Trade schools for adults, unlimited | ||
| For physically challenged, without accommodation | B | |
| For mentally challenged, without accommodation | B | |
| Scrap metal, paper and rag storage | H | |
| Secondary school | See educational | B |
| Seed stores | F | |
| Seminar halls | For 50 or more occupants, See assembly | I |
| Seminaries | B | |
| Settlement houses | (see housing) | MIXED (A and other Occupancy depending on the nature of use |
| Sewage | Disposal plants | G |
| Pumping stations | G | |
| Sewing machine stores, selling household machines only | F | |
| Ship chandlers, candle shops | F | |
| Ship or boat building or repair yards | For ships 200 ft. in length or over | G |
| Shipping, waterfront | Not applicable | |
| Shoes | Manufacture | G or J depending on the process and material involved |
| Repair shops | ||
| F | ||
| Stores | F | |
| Shops | see definition | F or G (depending on the process and material involved) |
| Shop-house | mixed occupancy (A and F) or (A, F and G) | |
| Sign painting shops | Limited as to floor area | G |
| Unlimited | G | |
| Silk processing and spinning | J | |
| Silo, for storage of grain | H | |
| Silver plating shops, custom | G | |
| Silverware manufacture, plate or sterling | G | |
| Sisal products manufacture | J | |
| Skating rinks, roller | Indoor | I |
| Outdoor | I | |
| Slag piles | Not applicable | |
| Slaughtering of animals or poultry | G | |
| Soap or detergents | Manufacture, including fat rendering | J |
| Packaging only | G | |
| Soldering shops | G | |
| Solvent extracting | J | |
| Sorority houses | (See hostel) | A |
| Sports centre | I | |
| Sporting equipment manufacture. | G | |
| Sporting goods stores | F | |
| Stable for horses | H | |
| Stadiums | Indoor or outdoor, with access for emergency vehicle as part of disaster preparedness program | I |
| Staff quarter | see quarter, staff | |
| Stamp stores | F | |
| Station | Rail, bus, air and water way | MIXED (I and other Occupancy depending on the nature of use |
| Stationary stores | F | |
| Statuary, mannequins, figurines, religious or church art goods manufacture, excluding foundry operations | G | |
| Steel products | Miscellaneous fabrication or assembly (without hot-work) | G |
| J | ||
| Structural products manufacture | ||
| Stock yards or slaughtering of animals or poultry | G | |
| Stone processing or stone products | G | |
| Storage buildings | Low-fire-risk storage | H1 |
| Moderate-fire-risk storage | H2 | |
| Storage facilities | Wholesale (see storage buildings) | H |
| Offices, limited to quantity | Non-separated use | |
| For cotton/jute/ paper/textile | J | |
| Stores | See definition | F |
| Students' halls of residence | For children | C |
| For adults | A | |
| Studios | Music, dancing, or theatrical | I |
| Radio (see radio studio) | ||
| MIXED (I, E or G) | ||
| Television, with spectator | ||
| Television, without spectator | MIXED (depending on nature of material and process involved) | |
| Sugar | Production and Refining | J |
| Super market | See mercantile | F |
| Swimming pools | Commercial | I |
| Non-Commercial (See clubs) | I | |
| T | ||
| Table tennis halls | See assembly | I |
| Tailor shops, custom | F | |
| Tanning (See leather or fur) | J | |
| Tapestries manufacture | G | |
| Tar products manufacture | G | |
| Taxidermist shops | F | |
| Telegraph offices | E | |
| Telephone exchanges or other communications equipment structures | E | |
| Television | Repair shops | F |
| Stores (See appliances) | F | |
| Studios (see television studios) | ||
| M | ||
| Towers, non-accessory | ||
| Television station | See business | MIXED (E3 with other Occupancies according to detail requirement) |
| Temple | See prayer hall | |
| Tennis courts, indoor | I | |
| Terminal facilities at river crossings for access to electric, gas, or steam lines | G | |
| Test laboratory | involving low hazard material | E |
| Textiles | Bleaching (see industrial) | G |
| Products manufacture (see industrial) | G | |
| Spinning, weaving, manufacturing, dyeing, printing, knit goods, yarn, thread, or cordage (see industrial) | G | |
| Textile industries and jute mills | including canvas, cotton cloth, bagging burlap, carpet and rags (see industrial) | J |
| Theater | See assembly | I |
| Theaters, drive-in | (See studios) | |
| Theatrical studios | without spectator | G |
| Tile | Manufacture | G |
| Tire sales establishments | Including installation services, Limited to quantity | F |
| J | ||
| Including installation services, unlimited quantity | ||
| Tobacco | Curing or manufacture, or tobacco products manufacture | J |
| F | ||
| Stores (retail) | ||
| Toilet, public | L | |
| Toiletries manufacture | G or J depending on the material and process involved | |
| Tool or hardware manufacture | See industries | G |
| Topsoil storage | See storage | H |
| Tourist cabins | See residential | A |
| Towel supply establishments | F | |
| Toys | Manufacture | G |
| Stores | F | |
| Trade or other schools for adults | Limited as to objectionable effects (see educational) | B |
| B | ||
| Unlimited (see educational) | ||
| Trade expositions | Limited as to rated capacity | I |
| Unlimited | I | |
| Trailer, truck, bus | Manufacture, including parts | G or J depending on the material and process involved |
| Repairs, body | ||
| G or J depending on the material and process involved | ||
| Sales open or enclosed | ||
| F | ||
| Showrooms, with no repair services | F | |
| Training center | lecture based, limited to quantity (see educational facilities) | E1 or B2 |
| B2 | ||
| vocational or demonstrative (see educational facilities) | ||
| Transit substations | Small or medium size | G |
| Large | G | |
| Transport terminal | Small or medium size | MIXED depending on nature of use |
| Large | ||
| MIXED depending on nature of use | ||
| Travel agency | (see business) | E |
| Travel bureaus | (see business) | E |
| Truck | Manufacture (including parts) or engine rebuilding | G or J depending on the material and process involved |
| Repairs, body | ||
| G | ||
| Repairs, except body repairs | G | |
| Sales open or enclosed | F | |
| Showrooms, with no repair services | F | |
| Trucking terminals or motor freight stations, Limited as to lot area | K1 | |
| K1 | ||
| Trucking terminals or motor freight stations, Unlimited | ||
| Tutorial homes | More than six occupants (see educational) | B |
| Turpentine manufacture | J | |
| Typewriter stores | F | |
| Typewriter or other small business machine repair shops | F | |
| Typography | (See printing) | |
| U | ||
| Umbrellas | Manufacture | G |
| Repair shops | F | |
| University | See educational facilities | B2 |
| Upholstery | Manufacturing | J |
| Bulk, including shops not dealing directly with consumers | J | |
| F | ||
| Shops dealing directly with consumers, retail | ||
| Utility | L | |
| V | ||
| Variety stores | Limited as to floor area | F |
| Unlimited | F | |
| Varnish manufacture | J | |
| Vehicles | Dead storage of motor | H |
| Manufacture, children's | G | |
| Storage, commercial or public utility, open or enclosed | K | |
| Venetian blind, window shade, or awning | Custom shops, limited as to floor area | F |
| Manufacture, with no limitation on production or on floor area | J or G depending upon nature of materials involved | |
| Ventilating contractors | (See contractors' establishments) | F |
| Ventilating equipment showrooms | Without repair facilities | F |
| Video games shop | F | |
| Vihara, Buddhist | with occasional or regular assembly | mixed use |
| W | ||
| Wallpaper stores | Limited to quantity | H |
| Warehouses | H or J (depending on the nature of material stored) | |
| Watch or clock stores or repair shops | F | |
| Watch making | G | |
| Waterfront shipping | Not applicable | |
| Water pumping stations | At distributor's end | G |
| At consumer's end | L | |
| Water tank tower | M | |
| Wax products manufacture | G | |
| Weaving, hand | Up to six hand-weaving machines | Non- separated use to main Occupancy |
| More than six hand-weaving machines | ||
| G | ||
| Wedding chapels | See assembly | I |
| Welding shops | Arc welding only | G |
| Gas welding within exempted quantity | G or J depending upon the quantity of material and process | |
| Welfare centers | ||
| Wholesale establishments | H or J depending upon the nature of material | |
| Wholesale offices or showrooms, with storage restricted to samples | E | |
| Window manufacture | G | |
| Window shades | Custom shops, limited as to floor area | F |
| Manufacture, without limitation on production or on floor area | G | |
| Wood | Bulk processing or woodworking | G |
| Distillation | G | |
| Products manufacture | G | |
| Pulp or fibre, reduction or processing, including paper mill operations | G | |
| F | ||
| Sales, open or enclosed, Limited as to lot area | ||
| F | ||
| Unlimited (See lumber yards) | ||
| Woodworking shops, custom | J or G depending upon nature of materials involved | |
| Wool scouring or pulling | G | |
| Workshops | With hot-works | J |
| Without hot-works | G | |
| X | ||
| X-ray facilities | See radiological facilities | |
| Y | ||
| Yard | Not applicable | |
| Yard, ship | See ship or boat building or repair yards | |
| Yarn, manufacturing | G or J depending on the quantity (see Table 3.2.5) | |
| Z | ||
| Zoo structures | M | |
| ** The occupancy determined through | classification for any project, not included the following process: | in this list, shall be |
| shall be compared with categories and find the most similar | ||
| i. The functional the Occupancy descriptions to Occupancy, | requirements of the unidentified occupancy use type, classification, sub-classification match with the given occupancies to | |
| to determine the Occupancy, the project constituted as per directives of Part 2 the Occupancy, and | will be referred to the Chapter 2. The Board of | |
| ii. If process (i) fails Board of Appeal Appeal shall determine | ||
| explanatory material of any future projects of referred to the Board of | ||
| iii. The decision of Board this Code and shall similar nature this Appeal again. | of Appeal shall be considered as an be added as addendum to this Code. For addendum will suffice and need not be | |
PART III
Chapter 3: Classification of Building Construction Types Based on Fire Resistance
3.1 General
3.1.1 Classification by Type of Construction
For the purpose of this Code, every room or space of a building or a building itself hereafter altered or erected shall be classified in one specific type of construction as grouped as follows:
GROUP I: Noncombustible, subdivision
Type I-A: 4 hour fire protected
Type I-B: 3 hour fire protected
Type I-C: 2 hour fire protected
Type I-D: 1 hour fire protected
Type I-E: Unprotected
GROUP II: Combustible subdivision
Type II-A: Heavy timber
Type II-B: Protected wood joist
Type II-C: Unprotected wood joist
Type II-D: Protected wood frame
Type II-E: Unprotected wood frame
The fire resistance ratings of various types of construction for structural and non-structural members are specified in Tables 3.3.1 (a) and (b). For hazardous Occupancies involving an exceptionally high degree of fire risk or an exceptionally high concentration of combustible or flammable content, the Authority may increase the requirement of Table 3.3.1 (a).
Buildings having a height of more than 33 m shall be constructed with non-combustible materials.
The fire resistance ratings of various building components shall conform to ASTM standards.
No building or portion thereof shall be designated a given construction type unless it fully conforms to the minimum requirements for that Construction type.
When a type of construction is utilized which is superior than the type of construction required by this Code, there shall be no requirement to upgrade the rest of the construction to comply to that higher type of construction and the designated construction type shall be that of the lesser classification, unless all of the requirements for the higher classification are met.
3.1.2 Group I: Non-Combustible Construction
Buildings or portion thereof in Non-combustible Construction Group I are those in which the walls, exit-ways, shafts, structural members, floors, and roofs are constructed of non-combustible materials and assemblies having fire-resistance ratings specified in Table 3.3.1 (a). The Non-combustible group consists of Construction Type I-A, I-B, I-C, I-D and I-E.
3.1.2.1 Construction Type I-A
This construction type includes buildings in which the bearing walls and other major structural elements are generally of four-hour-fire-resistance rating.
3.1.2.2 Construction Type I-B
This construction type includes buildings in which the bearing walls and other major structural elements are generally of three-hour-fire-resistance rating.
3.1.2.3 Construction Type I-C
This construction type includes buildings in which the bearing walls and other major structural elements are generally of two-hour-fire-resistance rating.
3.1.2.4 Construction Type I-D
This construction type includes buildings in which the bearing walls and other major structural elements are generally of one-hour-fire-resistance rating.
3.1.2.5 Construction Type I-E
This construction type includes buildings in which the bearing walls and other major structural elements generally have no fire-resistance rating.
3.1.3 Group II: Combustible Construction
Buildings or portion thereof in Combustible Construction Group II are those in which the walls, exit-ways, shafts, structural members, floors, and roofs are constructed wholly or partly of combustible materials having fire-resistance ratings specified in Table 3.3.1 (b). The Non-combustible group consists of Construction Type II-A, II-B, II-C, II-D and II-E.
3.1.3.1 Construction Type II-A
This Construction type includes heavy timber construction in which fire-resistance is attained by –
(a)Limiting the minimum sizes of wood structural members and the minimum thickness and composition of wood floors and roofs;
(b)Avoiding concealed spaces under floors and roofs or by providing fire-stopping protection for these spaces; and
(c)Using fastening, construction details, and adhesives for structural members as required by this Chapter and Part 4.
(d)The minimum dimensions for framing members shall be prescribed in this Chapter and Part 4, except that members are protected to provide a fire-resistance rating of at least one hour need not comply with this requirement.
3.1.3.2 Construction Type II-B
This Construction type includes buildings and portion thereof in which
(a)Exterior walls, fire walls, exit-ways, and shaft enclosures are of non-combustible materials having the required fire-resistance ratings; and
(b)The floors, roofs and interior framing are wholly or partly of wood of smaller dimensions than required for type II-A construction, or are of other combustible or non-combustible materials, having the required fire-resistance rating.
Table 3.3.1 (a): Fire Rating for Construction Group I: Non-Combustible
| Exterior wall with Fire Separation Distance of | Construction Element Exterior Wall | TYPE -I-A | TYPE -I-B | TYPE -I-C | TYPE -I-D | TYPE -I-E | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ratings in Hours | Exterior Openinga,b | Ratings in Hours | Exterior Openinga,b | Ratings in Hours | Exterior Openinga,b | Ratings in Hours | Exterior Openinga,b | Ratings in Hours | Exterior Openinga,b | ||
| 0.9m or less | Bearing | 4 | N.P | 3 | N.P | 2 | N.P | 2 | N.P | 2 | N.P |
| Non-bearingf | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| More than 0.9m but less than 4.5m | Bearing | 4 | as per provisions of this Code | 3 | as per provisions of this Code | 2 | as per provisions of this Code | 2 | as per provisions of this Code | 2 | as per provisions of this Code |
| Non-bearingf | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| 4.5m or more but less than 9.0m | Bearing | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |||||
| Non-bearingf | 1½ | 1½ | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||||||
| 9.0m or more | Bearing | 4 | N.L | 3 | N.L | 2 | N.L | 1 | N.L | 0 | N.L |
| Non-bearingf | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Interior bearing walls and bearing partitions | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0g,i | ||||||
| Enclosure of vertical exitse, exit passageways, hoistways and shafts | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Fire divisions and fire barrier walls or partitions or ceiling slab | See Table 3.2.1 and provisions of this Code | ||||||||||
| Columnsk, girders, trusses (other than roof trusses) and framing | Supporting one floor | 3 | 2 | 1½ | 1 | 0g,i | |||||
| Supporting more than one floorl | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0g,i | ||||||
| Structural members supporting walls | Structural members shall have the same fire resistance rating of wall to be supported, but not less than rating required by the construction classification. | ||||||||||
| Floor construction including beams | 3 | 2 | 1½ | 1 | 0g,i | ||||||
| Roof construction, including beams, trusses and framing including arches, domes, shells, cable supported roofs and roof decksh | 4.5m or less in height above floor to lowest member of ceiling | 3 | 1½ | 1i | 1i | 0g,i | |||||
| 4.5m to 6m in height above floor to lowest member of ceiling | 2c,i or 1d,i | 1½c,i or 1d,i | 1i | 1i | 0g,i | ||||||
| 6m or more in height above floor to lowest member of ceiling | 2c,i or 0d,g,i | 1½c,i or 1d,g,i | 1c,i or 0d,g,i | 1c,i or 0d,g,i | 0g,i | ||||||
| Shafts (other than exits) and elevator hoistways | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Fire separation wall and party wall | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Access corridor leading to fire exits | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Non-combustible Material; N.P Not Permitted; N.L No Limit | |||||||||||
Table 3.3.1 (b): Fire Rating for Construction Group II: Combustible
| Exterior wall with Fire Separation Distance of | Construction Element Exterior Wall | TYPE -II-A | TYPE -II-B | TYPE -II-C | TYPE -II-D | TYPE -II-E | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ratings in Hours | Exterior Openinga,b | Ratings in Hours | Exterior Openinga,b | Ratings in Hours | Exterior Openinga,b | Ratings in Hours | Exterior Openinga,b | Ratings in Hours | Exterior Openinga,b | ||
| 0.9m or less | Bearing | 2 | N.P | 2 | N.P | 2 | N.P | 2 | N.P | 2 | N.P |
| Non-bearingf | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| More than 0.9m but less than 4.5m | Bearing | 2 | as per provisions of this Code | 2 | as per provisions of this Code | 2 | as per provisions of this Code | 1 | as per provisions of this Code | 1 | as per provisions of this Code |
| Non-bearingf | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| 4.5m or more but less than 9.0m | Bearing | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |||||
| Non-bearingf | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||||||
| 9.0m or more | Bearing | 1 | N.L | 1½ | N.L | 1½ | N.L | 1 | N.L | 0 | N.L |
| Non-bearingf | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Interior bearing walls and bearing partitions | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||||
| Enclosure of vertical exitse, exit passageways, hoistways and shafts | 2 | 2 | 1i | 1i | 1 | ||||||
| Fire divisions and fire barrier walls or partitions or ceiling slab | See Table 3.2.1 and provisions of this Code | ||||||||||
| Columnsk, girders, trusses (other than roof trusses) and framing | Supporting one floor | as per provisions of this Code | 1 | 0 or 1j | 1 | 0 | |||||
| Supporting more than one floorl | as per provisions of this Code | 1 | 0 or 1j | 1 | 0 | ||||||
| Structural members supporting walls | 3 | 2½ | 2 | 1½ | 1 | ||||||
| Floor construction including beams | as per provisions of this Code | 1 | 0 or 1j | 1 | 0 | ||||||
| Roof construction, including beams, trusses and framing including arches, domes, shells, cable supported roofs and roof decksh | 4.5m or less in height above floor to lowest member of ceiling | as per provisions of this Code | 3/4 | 0 | 3/4 | 0 | |||||
| 4.5m to 6m in height above floor to lowest member of ceiling | |||||||||||
| 6m or more in height above floor to lowest member of ceiling | |||||||||||
| Shafts (other than exits) and elevator hoistways | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Fire separation wall and party wall | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Access corridor leading to fire exits | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Non-combustible Material; N.P Not Permitted; N.L No Limit | |||||||||||
Notes:
a Requirements of protected exterior openings shall not apply to religious assembly. [Protected openings within an exterior separation of 0.9m or less are permitted for buildings classified in Occupancy Groups A provided, however said openings do not exceed in total area of 25% of the façade of the storey in which they are located. The openings however, may not be credited towards meeting any of the mandatory natural light and ventilation as per provisions of this Code. Protection of openings with an exterior separation of 0.9 m to 9 m shall not be required for A-1, A-2 and A-3 Occupancy groups] or to buildings classified in Occupancy groups J, G and H additional requirements for exterior walls and exterior wall openings as per provisions of this Code.
b Upon special application, the area development authorities may permit exterior wall openings to be constructed in excess of the permitted area established by this Table if such openings at the time of their construction are located at least 18m in a direct line from any neighboring building except as otherwise permitted in footnote f. Such additional openings may not however be credited toward meeting any of the mandatory natural light and ventilation requirements of Sec 1.19 Part 3 of this Code. If any neighboring building is later altered or constructed to come within the above distance limitation, the affected exterior openings shall immediately be closed with construction meeting the fire-resistance rating requirements for exterior wall construction of the building in which they are located.
c Applies to occupancy groups J, G and H
d Applies to occupancy groups J, G and H
e See Provisions of this Code for additional impact resistance requirements applicable to certain stair enclosures and for certain exceptions to stair enclosure requirements.
f When two or more buildings are constructed on the Plot and the combined floor area of the buildings does not exceed the limits established by this Code for any of the buildings, not fire-resistance rating shall be required for non-bearing portions of the exterior walls of those buildings facing each other, and there shall be no limitation on the permitted amount of exterior openings.
g Fire retardant treated wood complying with the requirements of this Code may be used.
h Tabulated ratings apply to buildings over one storey in height. In one storey building, roof construction may be of material having zero hour fire-resistance rating.
i Materials which are not non-combustible as defined in this Code may be used in nonbearing construction elements as per provisions for this Code.
1 Materials having a structural base of non-combustible materials as defined in this Code, and having a surface not over 3.2 mm thick which when tested in accordance with the provisions of this Code has a flame spread rating not higher than 50 (fifty).
2 Materials which when tested in accordance with the provisions of this Code have a surface flame spread rating not higher than twenty five without evidence of continued progressive combustion, and which are of such composition that surface which would be exposed by cutting through the material in any way would not have a flame spread ratings higher than twenty-five without evidence of continued progressive combustion.
j Applies to the construction of the street floor and all construction below the level of the street floor in building or spaces classified in occupancy group A-3 except where the space below the street floor does not exceed five feet in height.
k Columns supproting the roof of a one-story building shall have the same fire-resistance rating as required for a column supporting one floor in a building of the same construction class.
l Members supporting loads of not more than two floors or one floor and a roof need not have a fire-resistance rating greater than the floor construction fire-resistance requirement in buildings classified in occupancy groups B, C and A-3, not including unsprinklered spaces of other occupancies, and in fully sprinklered buildings in occupancy groups E and A-5.
3.1.3.3 Construction Type II-C
This Construction type includes buildings and portion thereof in which
(a)Exterior walls, fire walls, exit ways, and shaft enclosures are of non-combustible materials having the required fire-resistance ratings; and
(b)The floors, roofs and interior framing are wholly or partly of wood of smaller dimensions than required for type II-A construction, or are of other combustible or non-combustible materials, having no required fire-resistance rating.
3.1.3.4 Construction Type II-D
This Construction type includes buildings and portion thereof in which exterior walls, bearing walls, floors, roofs, and interior framings are generally of wood or other combustible materials having the required fire-resistance ratings.
3.1.3.5 Construction Type II-E
This Construction type includes buildings and portion thereof in which
(a)The exterior walls are generally of wood or other combustible materials having the required fire-resistance ratings, and
(b)In which the bearing walls, floors, roofs, and interior framing are of wood or other combustible materials, generally having no fire-resistance ratings.
3.1.4 Separated Occupancy and Construction
When two or more occupancies accommodated in a building, each such occupancy shall be separated according to the provisions specified in Sec 2.3 Chapter 2 Part 3 and Table 3.2.1.
When two or more types of construction used within a building, the entire building shall be subject to the most restrictive construction type and shall comply with FAR restrictions as per provisions of this Code.
However if the Occupancies within the different Types of Construction are completely separated by construction that meets the fire-resistance rating requirements for fire separation listed in Table 3.2.1 of Chapter 1 Part 3 then each Occupancy so separated may, for the purpose of this Code, be considered as separate building section.
3.1.4.1 Restriction for mixed construction
In buildings of mixed construction, no structural element shall be supported by construction having a lower fire-resistance rating than that required for the element being supported.
3.1.5 Fire Zones
The planning and development authority of the city, township, municipality or region where this Code is intended to be implemented shall divide the area under their jurisdiction into distinct fire zones. The basis for this zoning shall be the fire hazard inherent in the buildings and the degree of safety desired for the occupancy accommodated therein. The number of zones in an area shall depend on its size and the strategies undertaken for its development.
3.1.5.1 Fire Zone 1
The following occupancy groups shall comprise this zone:
Occupancy A: Residential Occupancy F: Mercantile Occupancy B: Educational Occupancy H: Livestock Storage Building Occupancy C: Institutional for Care Occupancy I: Assembly
Occupancy D: Health Care Occupancy K: K1 and K2 Parking
Occupancy E: Offices Occupancy M: Miscellaneous Buildings
3.1.5.2 Fire Zone 2
The following occupancy groups shall comprise this zone:
Occupancy G: Industrial Buildings
Occupancy H: Storage Buildings
Occupancy K: K3 Parking
3.1.5.3 Fire Zone 3
The only occupancy falling in this zone shall be Occupancy J, Hazardous Buildings.
3.1.5.4 Change in Fire Zone Boundaries
The demarcations of fire zones may be changed or new occupancies may be included in any fire zone through the same procedure as for promulgating new rules or ordinances or both.
3.1.5.5 Buildings on overlapping fire zones
Buildings falling on more than one fire zones shall be considered to be situated on the zone in which the major portion of the building falls. If a building is divided equally between more than one fire zones, it shall be considered as falling in the fire zone having more hazardous occupancy buildings.
3.1.5.6 Restrictions on temporary constructions
Permission may be granted by the Authority for temporary constructions only in fire zones 1 and 2 and not in fire zone 3. Such temporary constructions shall adhere to the conditions of the permission and shall be demolished and removed completely after the expiry of the duration of the permission unless it is extended by the Authority or a new permission is obtained.
3.1.6 Permissible Types of Construction for Various Occupancies
3.1.6.1 New buildings
Types of constructions permitted for various buildings on the basis of fire zones are specified in Table 3.2.4.
3.1.6.2 Existing buildings
Existing buildings in any fire zone need not comply with the provision of this Code for type of construction unless they are altered or in the opinion of the Authority they constitute a hazard to the safety to the occupants of the buildings or the adjacent properties.
3.1.7 Exterior Walls
The fire resistance rating of the exterior walls shall conform to the provisions set forth in Table 3.2.2 and Sec 3.2.3.
3.1.8 Basement Floor
Basement floor of a building shall be enclosed with a one hour fire resistive construction. Doors in such constructions shall be made of noncombustible materials.
3.1.9 Restricting Horizontal and Vertical Spread of Fire
Generally walls restrict horizontal movement and slabs restrict vertical movement of fire.
3.1.9.1 Interior or barrier or enclosure wall
Propagation of fire, smoke, gas or fume through the openings or shafts or penetrations of fire resistive floors and walls shall be restricted by sealing with an approved material which shall have a fire resistance rating at least equal to that of the floor-wall assembly. The sealing material shall be capable of preventing passage of flame and hot gases sufficient to ignite cotton waste when tested in accordance with ASTM E119.
3.1.9.2 Exterior walls
Permitted unprotected openings in the exterior wall in two consecutive floors lying within
1.5m laterally or vertically shall be separated with flame barriers as similar as sunshades or cornices or projected wall at least 750 mm from the external face of the exterior wall. The flame barrier shall have a fire resistance rating of not less than three-fourths hour.
3.1.10 Exceptions to Fire Resistance Requirements
The provisions of this Section are exceptions to the occupation separation requirements of Table 3.2.1.
3.1.10.1 Fixed partitions
(a)Stores and Offices: In such cases where offices, stores and similar places occupied by one tenant are separated by non-load bearing walls that do not form a corridor serving an occupant load, the partition walls may be constructed of any one of the following:
(i)Noncombustible materials;
(ii)Fire retardant treated wood;
(iii)One hour fire resistive construction;
(iv)Wood panels or similar light construction up to three fourths the height of the room in which placed; and
(v)Wood panels or similar light construction more than three-fourths the height of the room in which placed with not less than upper one fourth of the partition constructed of glass.
(b)Hotels and Apartments: In such cases where non-load bearing walls act as interior partitions in individual dwelling units in apartment houses and guest rooms or suites in hotels when such dwelling units, guest rooms or suites are separated from each other and from corridors by not less than one-hour fire-resistive construction, the partition walls may be constructed of any one of the following:
(i)Noncombustible materials of fire retardant treated wood in buildings of any type of construction; or
(ii)Combustible framing with noncombustible materials applied to the framing in buildings of Type II construction.
(c)Folding, Portable or Movable Partitions: Folding, portable or movable partitions need not have a fire resistance rating if the following conditions are satisfied:
(i)Required exits are not blocked without providing alternative conforming exits;
(ii)Tracks, guides or other approved methods are used to restrict their locations; and
(iii)Flammability shall be limited to materials having a flame-spread classification as set forth in Table 3.3.2 for rooms or areas.
Table 3.3.2: Flame Spread Classification
(d)Walls Fronting on Streets or Yards: For walls fronting on a street or yard having a width of at least 12 m, certain elements of the wall may be constructed as follows regardless of their fire-resistive requirements:
(i)Bulkheads below show windows, show window frames, aprons and show-cases may be of combustible materials provided the height of such construction does not exceed 5 m above grade.
(ii)Wood veneer of boards not less than 25 mm in nominal thickness or exterior type panels not less than 10 mm in nominal thickness may be used in walls provided:
•the veneer does not extend beyond 5 m above grade; and
•The veneer is placed either directly against noncombustible surface or furred out from such surfaces not to exceed 40 mm with all concealed spaces fire blocked.
(e)Trim: Wood may be used to construct trim, picture moulds, chair rails, baseboards, handrails and show window backing. If there is no requirement for using fire protected construction, unprotected wood doors and windows may be used.
(f)Loading Platform: Noncombustible construction of heavy timber may be used for exterior loading platforms with wood floors not less than 50 mm in nominal thickness. Such wood construction shall not be carried through the exterior walls.
(g)Insulating Boards: Combustible finished boards may be used under finished flooring.
3.1.11 Shaft Enclosures
3.1.11.1 General
Construction requirement for shafts through floors shall conform to the provisions of Tables 3.3.1 (a) and (b).
3.1.11.2 Extent of enclosures
Shaft enclosures shall extend from the lowest floor opening through successive floor openings and shall be enclosed at the top and bottom.
Exceptions:
(a)Shafts need not be enclosed at the top if it extends through or to the underside of the roof sheathing, deck or slab.
(b)Noncombustible ducts carrying vapours, dusts or combustion products may penetrate the enclosure at the bottom.
(c)Shafts need not be enclosed at the bottom when protected by fire dampers conforming to "Test Methods for Fire Dampers and Ceiling Dampers", installed at the lowest floor level within the shaft enclosure.
3.1.11.3 Special provision
In groups other than Occupancies C and D, openings which penetrate only one floor and are not connected with any other floor or basement and which are not concealed within building construction assemblies need not be enclosed.
3.1.11.4 Protection of openings
Openings in shaft enclosures shall be protected with a self-closing or an automatic-closing fire assembly having a fire resistance rating of
(a)one hour for one hour fire resistive walls
(b)one and one-half hours for two hour fire resistive walls
3.1.11.5Rubbish and linen chute termination rooms:
Rubbish and linen chute shall terminate in rooms separate from the remaining of the building having the same fire resistance as required for shafts in Table 3.3.1 (a) and (b) but not less than one hour.
3.1.12 Expansion and Contraction Joints
Expansion and contraction joints provided to accommodate expansion, contraction, wind or seismic movement shall be protected with an approved material having the same degree of fire resistance as that of the wall or floor in which it is installed.
3.1.13 Weather Protection
3.1.13.1 Weather resistive barrier
All weather exposed surfaces shall have a weather barrier to protect the interior wall from damping. Such weather barriers shall have a fire resistance rating of at least equal to that of the wall or floor on which it is applied. Weather resistive barrier need not be used in the following cases:
(i)When exterior covering is of approved waterproof panels
(ii)In back plastered construction
(iii)When there is no human occupancy
(iv)Over water repellent panel sheathing
(v)Under approved paper backed metal or wire fabric lath
(vi)Behind lath and Portland cement plaster applied to the underside of roof and eave projections
3.1.13.2 Flashing and counter flashing
Exterior openings exposed to the weather shall be flashed to make them weather proof. There shall be copings with all parapets. Corrosion resistant metals shall be used for flashing, counter flashing and coping.
3.1.13.3 Waterproofing weather-exposed areas
Waterproofing shall be applied to exposed surfaces like balconies, external stairways and landings.
3.1.13.4 Damp-proofing foundation walls
Outside of foundation walls enclosing a basement floor below finished grade shall be damp-proofed from outside.
3.1.14 Members Carrying Walls
All members carrying masonry or concrete walls shall be fire protected as specified in Table 3.3.1 (a) and (b).
3.1.15 Parapets
Parapets constructed on exterior wall of a building shall have the same degree of fire resistance required for the wall upon which they are erected and there shall be noncombustible faces on the side adjacent to the roof surface for the uppermost 405 mm including counter flashing and coping materials. The height of the parapet shall be at least 750 mm from the upper surface of the roof.
3.1.16 Projections
Sunshades, cornices, projected balconies and overhanging beyond walls of Type I construction shall be of noncombustible materials. Projections from walls of Type II may be of combustible or noncombustible materials.
3.1.17 Guards and Stoppers
3.1.17.1 Guards
Guards or Guardrails shall be provided to protect edges of floor, roof, roof openings, stairways, landings and ramps, balconies or terraces and certain wall, which are elevated more than 750 mm above the grade and as per provisions of this Code.
3.1.17.2 Stoppers
Stopper shall be provided in open parking garages located more than 450 mm above the adjacent grade or back to back parking stall. The height of the stopper shall be at least 300 mm and it shall be positioned at outer edges of a car parking stall.
3.1.18 Insulation
The provisions of this Section are applicable to thermal and acoustical insulations located on or within floor-ceiling and roof ceiling assemblies, crawl spaces, walls, partitions and insulation on pipes and tubing.
Materials used for such insulation and covering shall have a flame spread rating not more than 25 and a smoke density not more than 450.
3.1.19 Atrium
3.1.19.1 General
Atrium may be provided in all groups other than Occupancy J (Hazardous Buildings). Such atrium shall have a minimum opening and are as specified in Table 3.3.3. A vertical opening serving as other than an exit enclosure connecting only two adjacent stories shall be permitted to be open to one of the two stories.
Table 3.3.3: Atrium Opening and Area
3.1.19.2 Smoke control system
A mechanically operated air-handling system shall be installed to exhaust the smoke either entering or developed within the atrium.
(a)Exhaust Openings: The location of the exhaust openings shall be in the ceiling or in a smoke trap area immediately adjacent to the ceiling of the atrium above the top of the highest portion of door openings into the atrium.
(b)Supply Openings: Supply openings designed for a minimum of 50 percent of the exhaust volume shall be located at the lowest level of the atrium. Supply air may be introduced by gravity provided the height of the atrium is not more than 18 m and smoke control is established. For atria having height greater than 18 m, supply air shall be introduced mechanically from the floor of the atrium and directed vertically toward the exhaust outlets. Supplemental air supply may be introduced at upper levels in atrium over six storeys in height or when tenant spaces above the second storey are open to the atrium.
(c)Automatic Operation: The smoke control system for the atrium shall be activated automatically by the automatic sprinkler system or smoke detectors installed within the atrium or areas open to the atrium.
(d)Manual Operation: The smoke control system shall also be manually operable for use by the fire department. The smoke control system may be separate from or integrated with other air handling systems. Air handling systems interfering with the smoke control system shall be shut down automatically when the smoke control system is activated.
(e)Smoke Detector Location: Smoke detectors which will automatically operate the smoke control system of the atrium shall be accessible for maintenance, testing and servicing. Their locations shall be as follows:
(i)At the atrium ceiling, spaced in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
(ii)On the underside of projections into the atrium, in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
(iii)Around the perimeter of the atrium opening on all floors open to the atrium. These detectors shall be spaced no more than 9 m on centre and shall be located within 5 m of the atrium opening.
(iv)If projected beam type smoke detectors are used, they shall be installed in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
(f)Enclosure of Atrium: Atria shall be separated from the adjacent spaces with fire resistive separation of at least one hour.
Fire windows may be provided in fixed glazed openings when the window has a fire resistive rating of at least three-fourths hour and the area of the opening does not exceed 25 percent of the wall common to the atrium and the room into which the opening is provided.
3.1.20 Mezzanine Floors
Construction of a mezzanine floor shall conform to the requirements of the main floor in which it is constructed but the fire resistance rating need not exceed one hour for unenclosed mezzanines.